Pleurotus
ostreatus, popularly known as oyster mushroom, has
nutraceutical properties that include hypocholesterolemic, hypoglycemic,
antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, hepatoprotective and hypotensive
activities. Aqueous Extract Oyster Mushroom (AEOM) containing lyophilized P. ostreatus reconstituted in 0.9%
saline solution was evaluated for its effect on body weight, biochemical
indices and pancreas morphometry. Twelve healthy Wistar female rats were
assigned to Control and AEOM groups, consisting of rats that received 0.9%
saline solution and AEOM (100 mg/kg/day), respectively, administered by oral
gavage at 3 mL/kg of body weight for 15 days. The animals had free access to
commercial feed and water ad libitum.
Blood was obtained by cardiac puncture and serum was used to biochemical determinations.
Pancreas was excised, weighed and fixed in 4% neutral buffered formalin
for histopathological examination. Initial and final body weights, and absolute and relative weights of
pancreas did not differ between the groups. Total cholesterol, HDL-c, albumin
and uric acid were lower in the AEOM group compared to the control group. The
serum concentration of total proteins, glucose, triglycerides, alanine
aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate
dehydrogenase, creatinine and urea were similar in the groups. Pancreas of rats
treated with AEOM exhibited an increase in the size of pancreatic islet. Thus,
the use of AEOM is relatively safe at the dose studied and produces hypertrophy
of the pancreatic islets without altering glycemic homeostasis.
References
[1]
Sales-Campos, C., Silva, J.F., Nascimento Brito, L.B., et al. (2021) Nutritional and Bioactive Properties of an Amazon Wild Oyster Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus (Agaricomycetes): Contributions to Functional Food and Human Health. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 23, 79-90.
https://doi.org/10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2021038780
[2]
Zhang, Y., Hu, T., Zhou, H., et al. (2016) Antidiabetic Effect of Polysaccharides from Pleurotus ostreatus in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 83, 126-132.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.11.045
[3]
Umor, N.A., Ismail, S., Abdullah, S., et al. (2021) Zero Waste Management of Spent Mushroom Compost. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 23, 1726-1736. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-021-01250-3
[4]
Elhusseiny, S.M., Mahdy, T.S., et al. (2022) Immunomodulatory Activity of Extracts from Five Edible Basidiomycetes Mushrooms in Wistar Albino Rats. Scientific Reports, 12, Article No. 12423. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-16349-2
[5]
De Carvalho, C.S.M., De Aguiar, L.V.B., Sales-Campos, C., et al. (2012) Determinação bromatológica de Pleurotus ostreatus cultivado em resíduos de diferentes cultivares de bananeira. Interciencia, 37, 621-626.
http://hdl.handle.net/1-1449/73476
[6]
Sales-Campos, C., Diego, A.P., Samira, R.L.B., et al. (2013) In Vitro Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinula edodes in Lignocellulosic Residues from Amazon. African Journal of Biotechnology, 12, 6526-6531.
https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2013.12854
[7]
Carvalho, C.S.M., Sales-Campos, C., Aguiar, L.V.B., et al. (2014) Composição mineral de substratos à base de resíduos de bananeira durante o cultivo de Pleurotus ostreatus. Arquivos do Instituto Biológico (Sao Paulo), 81, 272-281.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-1657000522012
[8]
Aguiar, L.V.B., Gouvêa, P.R.S., et al. (2022) Production of Commercial and Amazonian Strains of Pleurotus ostreatus in Plant Waste/Produção de linhagens comerciais e amazônicas de Pleurotus ostreatus em resíduos de plantas. Brazilian Journal of Development, 8, 47299-47321. https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv8n6-299
[9]
Sales-Campos, C., Araujo, L.M., Minhoni, M.T., et al. (2011) Physiochemical Analysis and Centesimal Composition of Pleurotus ostreatus Mushroom Grown in Residues from the Amazon. Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, 31, 456-461.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-20612011000200027
[10]
Jayasuriya, W., Handunnetti, S.M., Wanigatunge, C.A., et al. (2020) Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Pleurotus ostreatus, a Culinary Medicinal Mushroom, in Wistar Rats. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2020, Article ID: 6845383.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6845383
[11]
Vasudewa, N.S., Abeytunga, D.T.U. and Ratnasooriya, W.D. (2007) Antinociceptive Activity of Plerotus ostreatus, an Edible Mushroom in Rats. Pharmaceutical Biology, 45, 533-540. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200701498853
[12]
Anandhi, R., Annadurai, T., Anitha, T.S., et al. (2013) Antihypercholesterolemic and Antioxidative Effects of an Extract of the Oyster Mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Its Major Constituent, Chrysin, in Triton WR-1339-Induced Hypercholesterolemic Rats. Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry, 69, 313-323.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-012-0215-6
[13]
Xia, F., Fan, J., Zhu, M., et al. (2011) Antioxidant Effects of a Water-Soluble Proteoglycan Isolated from the Fruiting Bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 42, 402-407.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2010.08.012
[14]
Krishnamoorthy, D. and Sankaran, M. (2016) Modulatory Effect of Pleurotus ostreatus on Oxidant/Antioxidant Status in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene Induced Mammary Carcinoma in Experimental Rats—A Dose-Response Study. Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics, 12, 386-394.
https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1482.148691
[15]
Jayakumar, T., Ramesh, E. and Geraldine, P. (2006) Antioxidant Activity of the Oyster Mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus, on CCl4-Induced Liver Injury in Rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 44, 1989-1996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2006.06.025
[16]
Sarangi, I., Ghosh, D., Bhutia, S.K., et al. (2006) Anti-Tumor and Immunomodulating Effects of Pleurotus ostreatus Mycelia-Derived Proteoglycans. International Immunopharmacology, 6, 1287-1297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2006.04.002
[17]
Deepalakshmi, K. and Mirunalini, S. (2016) Efficacy of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. Ex Fr.) P.kumm. on 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene Induced Mammary Carcinogenesis in Female Sprague-Dawley Rats. New Horizons in Translational Medicine, 3, 73-82.
[18]
Kong, F., Li, F., He, Z., et al. (2014) Anti-Tumor and Macrophage Activation Induced by Alkali-Extracted Polysaccharide from Pleurotus ostreatus. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 69, 561-566.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.05.045
[19]
Reguła, J., Krejpcio, Z. and Staniek, H. (2016) Iron Bioavailability from Cereal Products Enriched with Pleurotus ostreatus Mushrooms in Rats with Induced Anaemia. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 23, 310-314.
https://doi.org/10.5604/12321966.1203896
[20]
Yang, Q., Huang, B., Li, H., et al. (2012) Gastroprotective Activities of a Polysaccharide from the Fruiting Bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus in Rats. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 50, 1224-1228.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.03.020
[21]
Abdel-Monem, N.M., El-Saadani, M.A., Daba, A.S., et al. (2020) Exopolysaccharide-Peptide Complex from Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) Protects against Hepatotoxicity in Rats. Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports, 24, Article ID: 100852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100852
[22]
Zhu, B., Li, Y., Hu, T., et al. (2019) The Hepatoprotective Effect of Polysaccharides from Pleurotus ostreatus on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Liver Injury Rats. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 131, 1-9.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.043
[23]
Dkhil, M.A., Diab, M.S.M., et al. (2020) Hepatoprotective Effect of Pleurotus ostreatus Extracts in Cadmium-Intoxicated Rats. Journal of King Saud University—Science, 32, 3432-3436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2020.09.029
[24]
Zhang, Y., Wang, Z., Jin, G., et al. (2017) Regulating Dyslipidemia Effect of Polysaccharides from Pleurotus ostreatus on Fat-Emulsion-Induced Hyperlipidemia Rats. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 101, 107-116.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.084
[25]
Nweze, C.C., Ubhenin, A.E., Lay, T.U., et al. (2017) Hypoglycemic, Hepatoprotective and Hypolipidemic Effects of Pleurotus ostreatus in Alloxan-Induced Hyperglycemic Rats. Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 1, 163-167.
https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v1i4.5
[26]
Bobek, P., Ozdín, L. and Galbavy, Š. (1998) Dose- and Time-Dependent Hypocholesterolemic Effect of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) in Rats. Nutrition, 14, 282-286. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-9007(97)00471-1
[27]
Jayasuriya, W., Suresh, T.S., Abeytunga, D., et al. (2012) Oral Hypoglycemic Activity of Culinary-Medicinal Mushrooms Pleurotus ostreatus and P. cystidiosus (Higher Basidiomycetes) in Normal and Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 14, 347-355.
https://doi.org/10.1615/IntJMedMushr.v14.i4.20
[28]
Ravi, B., Renitta, R.E., Prabha, M.L., et al. (2013) Evaluation of Antidiabetic Potential of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Mice. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 35, 101-109.
https://doi.org/10.3109/08923973.2012.710635
[29]
Nweze, C.C., Rasaq, N.O. and Istifanus, B.I. (2020) Ameliorating Effect of Agaricus bisponus and Pleurotus ostreatus Mixed Diet on Alloxan-Induced Hyperglycemic Rats. Scientific African, 7, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2019.e00209
[30]
Mandal, M., Rakibuzzaman, B., Roqueya, L., et al. (2018) Anti-Diabetic Effect of Oyster Mushroom Mediates through Increased AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) and Cyclic Amp-Response Element Binding (CREB) Protein in Type 2 Diabetic Model Rats. Bangladesh Journal of Medicine, 17, 661-668.
https://doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v17i4.38333
[31]
Asrafuzzaman, M., Rahman, M.M., Mandal, M., et al. (2018) Oyster Mushroom Functions as an Anti-Hyperglycaemic through Phosphorylation of AMPK and Increased Expression of GLUT4 in Type 2 Diabetic Model Rats. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 13, 465-471.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2018.02.009
[32]
Xiong, M., Huang, Y., Liu, Y., et al. (2018) Antidiabetic Activity of Ergosterol from Pleurotus ostreatus in KK-Ay Mice with Spontaneous Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 62, Article ID: 1700444.
https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201700444
[33]
Sangia, S.M.A., Bawadekji, A. and Ali, M. (2017) Comparative Effects of Metformin, Pleurotus ostreatus, Nigella sativa, and Zingiber officinale on the Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Rats. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 13, 179-188.
[34]
Onuoha, S.C., Okoroh, P.N., Uwakwe, A.A., et al. (2021) Antihyperglycemic Effect of Ethanol Extract of Fruiting Bodies of Organically Cultivated Pleurotus ostreatus in High Sucrose High Fat Diet Streptozotocin Induced. International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies, 28, 94-104.
[35]
Agunloye, O.M. and Oboh, G. (2022) Blood Glucose Lowering and Effect of Oyster (Pleurotus ostreatus)- and Shiitake (Lentinus subnudus)-Supplemented Diet on Key Enzymes Linked Diabetes and Hypertension in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic in Rats. Food Frontiers, 3, 161-171. https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.111
[36]
Thomas, P.A., Geraldine, P. and Jayakumar, T. (2014) Pleurotus ostreatus, an Edible Mushroom, Enhances Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase, Ascorbate Peroxidase and Reduces Xanthine Dehydrogenase in Major Organs of Aged Rats. Pharmaceutical Biology, 52, 646-654. https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2013.863948
[37]
Banukie, N., Jayasuriya, W.J.A., Wanigatunge, C.A., et al. (2015) Hypoglycaemic Activity of Culinary Pleurotus ostreatus and P. cystidiosus Mushrooms in Healthy Volunteers and Type 2 Diabetic Patients on Diet Control and the Possible Mechanisms of Action. Phytotherapy Research, 29, 303-309.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5255
[38]
Chorvathova, B., Bobek, P., Ginter, E., et al. (1993) Effect of the Oyster Fungus on Glycaemia and Cholesterolaemia in Rats with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes. Physiological Research, 42, 175-179.
https://www.biomed.cas.cz/physiolres/pdf/42/42_175.pdf
[39]
Ghaly, I.S., Ahmed, E.S., Booles, H.F., et al. (2011) Evaluation of Antihyperglycemic Action of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) and Its Effect on DNA Damage, Chromosome Aberrations and Sperm Abnormalities in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Global Veterinaria, 7, 532-544.
[40]
Dkhil, M.A., Diab, M.S.M., Lokman, M.S., et al. (2020) Nephroprotective Effect of Pleurotus ostreatus Extract against Cadmium Chloride Toxicity in Rats. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 92, 1-10.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202020191121
[41]
Ahmed, O.M., Ebaid, H., El-Nahass, E.S., et al. (2020) Nephroprotective Effect of Pleurotus ostreatus and Agaricus bisporus Extracts and Carvedilol on Ethylene Glycol-Induced Urolithiasis: Roles of Nf-κb, P53, Bcl-2, Bax and Bak. Biomolecules, 10, Article ID: 1317. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10091317
[42]
Jayasuriya, W., Wanigatunge, C.A., Fernando, G.H., et al. (2015) Hypoglycaemic Activity of Culinary Pleurotus ostreatus and P. cystidiosus Mushrooms in Healthy Volunteers and Type 2 Diabetic Patients on Diet Control and the Possible Mechanisms of Action. Phytotherapy Research, 29, 303-309.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5255
[43]
Cerf, M.E. (2013) Beta Cell Dysfunction and Insulin Resistance. Frontiers in Endocrinology (Lausanne), 4, 37. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2013.00037
[44]
Grotto, D., Bueno, D.C.R., Ramos, G.K., et al. (2016) Assessment of the Safety of the Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes), in Rats: Biochemical, Hematological, and Antioxidative Parameters. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 18, 861-870.
https://doi.org/10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.v18.i10.20
[45]
Valverde, M.E., Hernández-Pérez, T. and Paredes-López, O. (2015) Edible Mushrooms: Improving Human Health and Promoting Quality Life. International Journal of Microbiology, 2015, Article ID: 376387.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/376387
[46]
Arques, S. and Ambrosi, P. (2011) Human Serum Albumin in the Clinical Syndrome of Heart Failure. Journal of Cardiac Failure, 17, 451-458.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2011.02.010
[47]
Arthur, F., Terlabi, B., Larbie, C., et al. (2011) Evaluation of Acute and Subchronic toxicity of Annona muricata (Linn.) Aqueous Extract in Animals. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 1, 115.
http://ir.knust.edu.gh/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/10965/EJEB-2011-1-4-115-124.pdf?sequence=1
[48]
Gupta, S.S. and Gupta, P.S. (2020) Serum Albumin and Total Protein Level as Plausible Marker for Diagnosis of Protein Energy Malnutrition in Children under Age 5 Years. International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 7, 1758-1761.
https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20203171
[49]
Scheven, L., Joosten, M.M., de Jong, P.E., et al. (2014) The Association of Albuminuria with Tubular Reabsorption of Uric Acid: Results from a General Population Cohort. Journal of the American Heart Association, 3, e000613.
https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.113.000613
[50]
Alam, N., Amin, R., Khan, A., et al. (2009) Comparative Effects of Oyster Mushrooms on Lipid Profile, Liver and Kidney Function in Hypercholesterolemic Rats. Mycobiology, 37, 37-42. https://doi.org/10.4489/MYCO.2009.37.1.037
[51]
Alam, N., Yoon, K.N., Lee, T.S., et al. (2011) Hypolipidemic Activities of Dietary Pleurotus ostreatus in Hypercholesterolemic Rats. Mycobiology, 39, 45-51.
https://doi.org/10.4489/MYCO.2011.39.1.045
[52]
Zhang, C., Li, S., Zhang, J., et al. (2016) Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activities of Intracellular Polysaccharide from Pleurotus eryngii SI-04. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 91, 568-577.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.05.104
[53]
Hashimoto, M., Shinozuka, K., Tanabe, Y., et al. (1998) Long-Term Supplementation with a High Cholesterol Diet Decreases the Release of ATP from the Caudal Artery in Aged Rats. Life Sciences, 63, 1879-1885.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(98)00464-0
[54]
Dong, Y., Zhang, J., Gao, Z., et al. (2019) Characterization and Anti-Hyperlipidemia Effects of Enzymatic Residue Polysaccharides from Pleurotus ostreatus. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 129, 316-325.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.164
[55]
Abrams, D.I., Couey, P., Shade, S.B., et al. (2011) Antihyperlipidemic Effects of Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster Mushrooms) in HIV-Infected Individuals Taking Antiretroviral Therapy. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 11, 60.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-11-60
[56]
Gordon, D.J., Probstfield, J.L., Garrison, R.J., et al. (1989) High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Cardiovascular Disease. Four Prospective American Studies. Circulation, 79, 8-15. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.79.1.8
[57]
Jacobs, D.R., Mebane, I.L., Bangdiwala, S.I., et al. (1990) High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Men and Women: The Follow-Up Study of the Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Study. The American Journal of Epidemiology, 131, 32-47.
https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115483
[58]
Huang, H.-H., Novikova, L., Janette, W.S., et al. (2011) Low Insulin Content of Large Islet Population Is Present in Situ and in Isolated Islets. Islets, 3, 6-13.
https://doi.org/10.4161/isl.3.1.14132
[59]
Fujita, Y., Takita, M., Shimoda, M., et al. (2011) Large Human Islets Secrete Less Insulin per Islet Equivalent than Smaller Islets in Vitro. Islets, 3, 1-5.
https://doi.org/10.4161/isl.3.1.14131
[60]
Arruda, E.H.P., Silva, G.L.V., Rosa-Santos, C.A., et al. (2020) Protein Restriction during Pregnancy Impairs Intra-Islet GLP-1 and the Expansion of β-Cell Mass. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 518, 77-88.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2020.110977
