全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

Personality Traits, Thinking Styles, and Emotional Intelligence in Nursing, towards Healthcare Providers’ Characterization and Safer Patient Care

DOI: 10.4236/ojn.2023.132009, PP. 130-166

Keywords: Patient Safety, Emotional Intelligence, Thinking Style, Rational Style, Experiential Style, Medical Error, Personality Traits, BFI, Burnout, And Healthcare Worker Characterization

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

Background: This study explored nursing personality traits (Big Five Inventory BFI), emotional intelligence (EI), and thinking styles (Rational, RS, and Experiential, ES) together with demographic data to see how they could relate and the implication of this on nurses and patient safety. Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: Nursing sample (n = 435). Participants completed a self-report online survey, which included demographic information, followed by questionnaires to measure personality traits, thinking styles, and emotional intelligence. Results: Spearman’s rank correlation was computed to assess the relationship between EI and Extraversion; there was a moderate positive correlation between the two variables, r = 0.487, p < 0.001. Spearman’s rank correlation was computed to assess the relationship between EI and Agreeableness, and there was a strong positive correlation between the two variables, r = 0.731, p < 0.001. Spearman’s rank correlation was computed to assess the relationship between EI and Conscientiousness, and there was a strong positive correlation between the two variables, r = 0.723, p < 0.001. Spearman’s rank correlation was computed to assess the relationship between EI and Neuroticism, and there was a moderate negative correlation between the two variables, r = -0.666, p < 0.001. Spearman’s rank correlation was computed to assess the relationship between EI and Openness, and there was a moderate positive correlation between the two variables, r = 0.467, p < 0.001. Conclusion: Different studies consolidated each other, and all converge and channel into the concept of characterization of healthcare providers for better support to them and safer patient care. EI correlated with all BFI components, and both positively impacted all desirable behaviors. Therefore, it would be valuable if organizations invested in increasing EI in their providers as it might highlight areas for improvement and equip providers with appropriate and advantageous coping strategies.

References

[1]  Kyaw, Loh, K.Y., Tan, Y.Q., Wu, F.M.W., Tiong, H.Y. and Wang, Z. (2022) Personality Differences between Internal Medicine and Surgical Residents in an Asian Population. BMC Medical Education, 22, Article No. 650.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03689-w
[2]  Zell and Lesick, T.L. (2022) Big Five Personality Traits and Performance: A Quantitative Synthesis of 50+ Meta-Analyses. Journal of Personality, 90, 559-573.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12683
[3]  American Psychology Association (2022) APA Dictionary of Psychology: Personality Trait. https://dictionary.apa.org/personality-trait
[4]  Bainbridge, Ludeke, S.G. and Smillie, L.D. (2022) Evaluating the Big Five as an Organizing Framework for Commonly Used Psychological Trait Scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 122, 749-777. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000395
[5]  Sajjad, H., Muhmmad, A., Khurram, S. and Syeda, A.B. (2012) Personality and Career Choices. African Journal of Business Management, 6, 2255-2260.
https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM11.2064
[6]  Chang, Li, H.-H., Wu, C.M. and Wang, P.C. (2010) The Influence of Personality Traits on Nurses’ Job Satisfaction in Taiwan: Personality and Job Satisfaction. International Nursing Review, 57, 478-484.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-7657.2010.00825.x
[7]  Chen, Y.P., Tsai, J.M., Lu, M.H., Lin, L.M., Lu, C.H. and Wang, K.K. (2018) The Influence of Personality Traits and Socio-Demographic Characteristics on Paediatric Nurses’ Compassion Satisfaction and Fatigue. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 74, 1180-1188. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13516
[8]  Takase, M., Yamamoto, M. and Sato, Y. (2018) Effects of Nurses’ Personality Traits and Their Environmental Characteristics on Their Workplace Learning and Nursing Competence. Japan Journal of Nursing Science: JJNS, 15, 167-180.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jjns.12180
[9]  Roman Jones, J., Boltz, M., Allen, R., Van Haitsma, K. and Leslie, D. (2022) Nursing Students’ Knowledge, Personality Traits, and Self-Efficacy Related to Medication Administration Error. The Journal of Nursing Education, 61, 367-374.
https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20220610-02
[10]  Abbondanzio, M. (2020) The Relationship between Burnout and Personality Traits in Secondary School Athletic Trainers.
[11]  Mousavi, S.K. and Kamali, M. (2021) The Relationship of Nursing Students’ Personality Traits with Their Perceived Stress in Clinical Environment. Nursing and Midwifery Studies, 10, 278.
[12]  Molero Jurado, M., Pérez-Fuentes, M., Barragán Martín, A., Simón Márquez, M., Martos Martínez, á. and Gázquez Linares, J. (2018) Personality and the Moderating Effect of Mood on a Verbal Aggressiveness Risk Factor from Work Activities. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 7, 525. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7120525
[13]  Cena, L., Rota, M., Calza, S., Janos, J., Trainini, A. and Stefana, A. (2021) Psychological Distress in Healthcare Workers between the First and Second COVID-19 Waves: The Role of Personality Traits, Attachment Style, and Metacognitive Functioning as Protective and Vulnerability Factors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18, 11843.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182211843
[14]  Kuilman, L., Jansen, G.J., Middel, B., Mulder, L.B. and Roodbol, P.F. (2019) Moral Reasoning Explained by Personality Traits and Moral Disengagement: A Study among Dutch Nurse Practitioners and Physician Assistants. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 75, 1252-1262. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13939
[15]  Bataweel, A.O. and Ahmed, M.G.M (2023) Exploring Emotional Intelligence and Thinking Style in Saudi Residents—A Cross-Sectional Study. Psychology, 14, 158-180.
https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2023.142010
[16]  Mikolajczak, M., Roy, E., Verstrynge, V. and Luminet, O. (2009) An Exploration of the Moderating Effect of Trait Emotional Intelligence on Memory and Attention in Neutral and Stressful Conditions. British Journal of Psychology (London, England: 1953), 100, 699-715. https://doi.org/10.1348/000712608X395522
[17]  Martinussen, Borgen, P.-C. and Richardsen, A.M. (2011) Burnout and Engagement among Physiotherapists. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, 18, 80-88. https://doi.org/10.12968/ijtr.2011.18.2.80
[18]  Krajniak, M.I., Pievsky, M., Eisen, A.R. and McGrath, R.E. (2018) The Relationship between Personality Disorder Traits, Emotional Intelligence, and College Adjustment. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 74, 1160-1173. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22572
[19]  Human Resource Management International Digest (2020) Organizational Change and Uncertainty: The Mediating and Moderating Effects of Emotional Intelligence and Gender on Work Outcomes. Human Resource Management International Digest, 28, 15-17. https://doi.org/10.1108/HRMID-10-2019-0237
[20]  Nyarko, F., Peltonen, K., Kangaslampi, S. and Punamäki, R.L. (2020) Emotional Intelligence and Cognitive Skills Protecting Mental Health from Stress and Violence among Ghanaian Youth. Heliyon, 6, e03878.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03878
[21]  Mikolajczak, M., Petrides, K.V. and Hurry, J. (2009) Adolescents Choosing Self-Harm as an Emotion Regulation Strategy: The Protective Role of Trait Emotional Intelligence. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 48, 181-193.
https://doi.org/10.1348/014466508X386027
[22]  Furnham, A. and Petrides, K.V. (2003) Trait Emotional Intelligence and Happiness. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 31, 815-823.
https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2003.31.8.815
[23]  Badri, S.K.Z., Kong, M.Y., Wan Mohd Yunus, W.M.A., Nordin, N.A. and Yap, W.M. (2021) Trait Emotional Intelligence and Happiness of Young Adults: The Mediating Role of Perfectionism. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18, 10800. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010800
[24]  Henning, C., Crane, A.G., Taylor, R.N. and Parker, J.D. (2021) Emotional Intelligence: Relevance and Implications for Addiction. Current Addiction Reports, 8, 28-34.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-021-00356-w
[25]  Ahmed, Z., Asim, M. and Pellitteri, J. (2019) Emotional Intelligence Predicts Academic Achievement in Pakistani Management Students. The International Journal of Management Education, 17, 286-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2019.04.003
[26]  Sánchez-Ruiz, M.J., Hernández-Torrano, D., Pérez-González, J.C., Batey, M. and Petrides, K.V. (2011) The Relationship between Trait Emotional Intelligence and Creativity Across Subject Domains. Motivation and Emotion, 35, 461-473.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-011-9227-8
[27]  Fernández-Abascal, E.G. and Martín-Díaz, M.D. (2015) Dimensions of Emotional Intelligence Related to Physical and Mental Health and to Health Behaviors. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 317. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00317
[28]  Sanchez-Ruiz, M.J., Mavroveli, S. and Petrides, K.V. (2021) The Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire in Lebanon and the UK: A Comparison of the Psychometric Properties in Each Country. International Journal of Psychology, 56, 304-313.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12711
[29]  Mohamed, El Khouly, S. and Saad, M. (2012) Reliability and Factor Structure of a Trait Emotional Intelligence Measure in Four Arab Countries. Education, Business and Society, 5, 83-92. https://doi.org/10.1108/17537981211225871
[30]  Mikolajczak, M., Luminet, O., Leroy, C. and Roy, E. (2007) Psychometric Properties of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire: Factor Structure, Reliability, Construct, and Incremental Validity in a French-Speaking Population. Journal of Personality Assessment, 88, 338-353. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890701333431
[31]  Al-Hamdan, Z.M., Alyahia, M., Al-Maaitah, R., Alhamdan, M., Faouri, I., Al-Smadi, A.M. and Bawadi, H. (2021) The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Nurse-Nurse Collaboration. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 53, 615-622.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12687
[32]  Alshammari, F., Pasay-An, E., Gonzales, F. and Torres, S. (2020) Emotional Intelligence and Authentic Leadership among Saudi Nursing Leaders in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Professional Nursing, 36, 503-509.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2020.04.003
[33]  Görgens-Ekermans and Brand, T. (2012) Emotional Intelligence as a Moderator in the Stress-Burnout Relationship: A Questionnaire Study on Nurses. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 21, 2275-2285. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04171.x
[34]  Kozlowski, D., Hutchinson, M., Hurley, J. and Browne, G. (2018) Increasing Nurses’ Emotional Intelligence with a Brief Intervention. Applied Nursing Research, 41, 59-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2018.04.001
[35]  Ahn. (2022) Emotional Intelligence as a Personality Trait That Predicts Consumption Behavior: The Role of Consumer Emotional Intelligence in Persuasive Communication. Sustainability (Basel, Switzerland), 14, 15461.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su142215461
[36]  Jauk, E., Freudenthaler, H.H. and Neubauer, A.C. (2016) The Dark Triad and Trait versus Ability Emotional Intelligence: Emotional Darkness Differs between Women and Men. Journal of Individual Differences, 37, 112.
https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000195
[37]  Bataweel, A.O. (2022) The Impact of Medical Profession Type, Gender, and Years of Experience on Thinking Styles: What Are the Implications for Patient Safety? Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science, 12, 569-588.
https://doi.org/10.4236/jbbs.2022.1211034
[38]  Zaid, Basiony, B. and Adam, S. (2022) Relation between Decision-Making Styles among Head Nurses and Their Personality Traits. Egyptian Nursing Journal, 19, 9-17.
[39]  Kıroğlu, A. (2022) Examining the Relationship between the Thinking Styles and the Motivation Aspects of the Individuals Working in the Health Sector in Turkey during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case of Hospital Staff. Annales Médico Psychologiques.
[40]  Bukhari and Khanam, S.J. (2014) Relationship of Emotional Intelligence and Big Five Personality Dimensions among University Students. Pakistan Journal of Psychology, 45.
[41]  Petrides, Vernon, P.A., Schermer, J.A., Ligthart, L., Boomsma, D.I. and Veselka, L. (2010) Relationships between Trait Emotional Intelligence and the Big Five in the Netherlands. Personality and Individual Differences, 48, 906-910.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.02.019
[42]  Alegre, Pérez-Escoda, N. and López-Cassá, E. (2019) The Relationship between Trait Emotional Intelligence and Personality. Is Trait EI Really Anchored within the Big Five, Big Two and Big One Frameworks? Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 866.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00866
[43]  Lopez-Cassa, Perez-Escoda, N. and Alegre, A. (2022) The Relationship between Children’s Trait Emotional Intelligence and the Big Five, Big Two and Big One Personality Traits. Education Sciences, 12, 491. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12070491
[44]  Keaton, S.A. (2017) Rational-Experiential Inventory-40 (REI-40) (Pacini & Epstein, 1999). In: Worthington, D.L. and Bodie, G.D., Eds., The Sourcebook of Listening Research: Methodology and Measures, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, 530-536.
https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119102991.ch59
[45]  Petrides, K.V. (2009) Technical Manual for the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaires (TEIQue). London Psychometric Laboratory, London.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-88370-0_5
[46]  Bru-Luna, L.M., Martí-Vilar, M., Merino-Soto, C. and Cervera-Santiago, J.L. (2021) Emotional Intelligence Measures: A Systematic Review. Healthcare, 9, 1696.
https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9121696
[47]  John, O.P. and Srivastava, S. (1999) The Big-Five Trait Taxonomy: History, Measurement, and Theoretical Perspectives.
[48]  Kupper, K., Krampen, D., Rammstedt, B. and Rohrmann, S. (2020) The German-Language Short Form of the Big Five Inventory for Children and Adolescents-Other-Rating Version (BFI-K KJ-F). European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 37, 109-117. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000592
[49]  Li, H., Xu, J., Chen, J. and Fan, Y. (2015) A Reliability Meta-Analysis for 44 Items Big Five Inventory: Based on the Reliability Generalization Methodology. Advances in Psychological Science, 23, 755. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1042.2015.00755
[50]  Fossati, A., Borroni, S., Marchione, D. and Maffei, C. (2011) The Big Five Inventory (BFI): Reliability and Validity of Its Italian Translation in Three Independent Nonclinical Samples. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 27, 50.
https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000043
[51]  Scott (2018) An Investigation into the Effect of the Decision-Making Process and Human Factors in Prescribing Errors within an In-Patient Mental Health Setting. University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth.
[52]  Kircaburun, K. and Griffiths, M.D. (2018) Instagram Addiction and the Big Five of Personality: The Mediating Role of Self-Liking, Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7, 158-170. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.7.2018.15
[53]  Süral, I., Griffiths, M.D., Kircaburun, K. and Emirtekin, E. (2019) Trait Emotional Intelligence and Problematic Social Media Use among Adults: The Mediating Role of Social Media Use Motives. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 17, 336-345. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-018-0022-6
[54]  Lo, Tseng, H.-T. and Chen, C.-H. (2018) Does Medical Students’ Personality Traits Influence Their Attitudes toward Medical Errors? Healthcare (Basel), 6, 101.
https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare6030101
[55]  Altuntaş, S., Harmanci Seren, A.K., Alaçam, B. and Baykal, ü. (2022) The Relationship between Nurses’ Personality Traits and Their Perceptions of Management by Values, Organizational Justice, and Turnover Intention. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 58, 910-918. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12873
[56]  Sanchez-Ruiz and Baaklini, A. (2018) Individual and Social Correlates of Aggressive Behavior in Lebanese Undergraduates: The Role of Trait Emotional Intelligence. The Journal of Social Psychology, 158, 350-360.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2017.1353476
[57]  Robinson, Hull, L. and Petrides, K.V. (2020) Big Five Model and Trait Emotional Intelligence in Camouflaging Behaviours in Autism. Personality and Individual Differences, 152, Article ID: 109565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.109565
[58]  Dall’Ora, C., Ball, J., Reinius, M. and Griffiths, P. (2020) Burnout in Nursing: A Theoretical Review. Human Resources for Health, 18, 1-17.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-020-00469-9
[59]  Sajjad, H., Muhmmad, A., Khurram, S. and Syeda, A.B. (2012) Personality and Career Choices. African Journal of Business Management, 6, 2255-2260.
https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM11.2064
[60]  Raeissi, Zandian, H., Mirzarahimy, T., Delavari, S., Moghadam, T.Z. and Rahimi, G. (2019) Relationship between Communication Skills and Emotional Intelligence among Nurses. Nursing Management (Harrow, London, England), 26, 31-35.
https://doi.org/10.7748/nm.2019.e1820
[61]  Kahraman, N. and Hiçdurmaz, D. (2016) Identifying Emotional Intelligence Skills of Turkish Clinical Nurses According to Socio-Demographic and Professional Variables. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 25, 1006-1015.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13122
[62]  Eshun, P., Dabone, K.T., Annan-Brew, R.K., Mahama, I. and Danquah, S.O. (2023) Personality Traits and Levels of Self-Efficacy as Predictors of Academic Dishonesty among Higher Education Students in Ghana. Psychology, 14, 13-34.
https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2023.141002
[63]  Jokić, B. and Purić, D. (2019) Relating Rational and Experiential Thinking Styles with Trait Emotional Intelligence in Broader Personality Space. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 15, 140. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v15i1.1692
[64]  Kawamoto, Kubota, A.K., Sakakibara, R., Muto, S., Tonegawa, A., Komatsu, S. and Endo, T. (2021) The General Factor of Personality (GFP), Trait Emotional Intelligence, and Problem Behaviors in Japanese Teens. Personality and Individual Differences, 171, Article ID: 110480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110480
[65]  van der Linden, Schermer, J.A., De Zeeuw, E., Dunkel, C., Pekaar, K., Bakker, A., Vernon, P. and Petridis, K. (2018) Overlap between the General Factor of Personality and Trait Emotional Intelligence: A Genetic Correlation Study. Behavior Genetics, 48, 147-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10519-017-9885-8
[66]  Ullström, S., Sachs, M.A., Hansson, J., Øvretveit, J. and Brommels, M. (2014) Suffering in Silence: A Qualitative Study of Second Victims of Adverse Events. BMJ Quality & Safety, 23, 325-331. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2013-002035
[67]  Jones, J.H. and Treiber, L.A. (2012) When Nurses Become the “Second” Victim. Nursing Forum, 47, 286-291. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6198.2012.00284.x
[68]  Abe, Niwa, M., Fujisaki, K. and Suzuki, Y. (2018) Associations between Emotional Intelligence, Empathy and Personality in Japanese Medical Students. BMC Medical Education, 18, 47-47. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-018-1165-7
[69]  Lin, Kannappan, A. and Lau, J.N. (2013) The Assessment of Emotional Intelligence among Candidates Interviewing for General Surgery Residency. Journal of Surgical Education, 70, 514-521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2013.03.010
[70]  Bin Dahmash, Alhadlaq, A.S., Alhujayri, A.K., Alkholaiwi, F. and Alosaimi, N.A. (2019) Emotional Intelligence and Burnout in Plastic Surgery Residents: Is There a Relationship? Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Global Open, 7, e2057-e2057.
https://doi.org/10.1097/GOX.0000000000002057
[71]  McKinley, S.K., Petrusa, E.R., Fiedeldey-Van Dijk, C., Mullen, J.T., Smink, D.S., Scott-Vernaglia, S.E. and Phitayakorn, R. (2014) Are There Gender Differences in the Emotional Intelligence of Resident Physicians? Journal of Surgical Education, 71, e33-e40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2014.05.003
[72]  Aithal, A.P., Kumar, N., Gunasegeran, P., Sundaram, S.M., Rong, L.Z. and Prabhu, S.P. (2016) A Survey-Based Study of Emotional Intelligence as It Relates to Gender and Academic Performance of Medical Students. Education for Health, 29, 255.
[73]  Abe, K., Evans, P., Austin, E.J., Suzuki, Y., Fujisaki, K., Niwa, M. and Aomatsu, M. (2013) Expressing One’s Feelings and Listening to Others Increases Emotional Intelligence: A Pilot Study of Asian Medical Students. BMC Medical Education, 13, Article No. 82. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-13-82
[74]  Mohamed, A.A., El Khouly, S. and Saad, M. (2012) Reliability and Factor Structure of a Trait Emotional Intelligence Measure in Four Arab Countries. Education, Business and Society: Contemporary Middle Eastern Issues, 5, 83-92.
https://doi.org/10.1108/17537981211225871
[75]  McNulty, J.P., Mackay, S.J., Lewis, S.J., Lane, S. and White, P. (2016) An International Study of Emotional Intelligence in First Year Radiography Students: The Relationship to Age, Gender and Culture. Radiography, 22, 171-176.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2015.10.008
[76]  Mikolajczak, M., Luminet, O., Leroy, C. and Roy, E. (2007) Psychometric Properties of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire: Factor Structure, Reliability, Construct, and Incremental Validity in a French-Speaking Population. Journal of Personality Assessment, 88, 338-353. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890701333431
[77]  Štiglic, Cilar, L., Novak, Ž., Vrbnjak, D., Stenhouse, R., Snowden, A. and Pajnkihar, M. (2018) Emotional Intelligence among Nursing Students: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study. Nurse Education Today, 66, 33-38.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2018.03.028
[78]  Budler, Gosak, L., Vrbnjak, D., Pajnkihar, M. and Stiglic, G. (2022) Emotional Intelligence among Nursing Students: Findings from a Longitudinal Study. Healthcare (Basel), 10, 2032. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10102032
[79]  Majdabadi, Yazdanirad, S., Yarahmadi, R., Abolghasemi, J. and Ebrahimi, H. (2022) The Impact of Emotional Intelligence and Personality Traits on the Occurrence of Unsafe Behaviors and Needle Stick Injuries among the Nurses. Heliyon, 8, e09584.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09584
[80]  Jie, Poulova, P., Haider, S.A. and Sham, R.B. (2022) Impact of Internet Usage on Consumer Impulsive Buying Behavior of Agriculture Products: Moderating Role of Personality Traits and Emotional Intelligence. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article ID: 951103. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.951103
[81]  Salami (2010) Conflict Resolution Strategies and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Moderating Role of Trait Emotional Intelligence. Social Behavior and Personality, 38, 75-86. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2010.38.1.75
[82]  Rupani, R.J. (2013) Exploring the Emotional Intelligence of Obstetrics and Gynecology Medical Residents. Doctoral Dissertation, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Chicago.
[83]  Miller, E. (2022) The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Student Success for the Radiologic Technology and Diagnostic Medical Sonography Students at a Community College. Doctoral Dissertation, University of St. Francis, Joliet.

Full-Text

comments powered by Disqus

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133

WeChat 1538708413