Acute
myeloid leukemia (AML), a rapidly progressing hematopoietic malignancy, can
only be cured hopefully by hematopoietic stem cells transplantation (HSCT).
Before HSCT, we usually exert effects by attempting certain regimens to induce
these tumor cells to death. Administered in AML patients, the classic “3+7” intensive induction regimen
including anthracyclines and cytarabine is recommended by guidelines worldwide.
However, conventional regimens consist of anthracyclines, a category of drug
limited by cumulative, dose-related, progressive myocardial damage and
congestive heart failure occurs when its total doses break through the cut-off.
Based on this background, mitoxantrone (MIT), an anthraquinone, was developed
to a new form to reduce cardiotoxicity. Meanwhile, the nanomedicine,
mitoxantrone liposome (Lipo-MIT), was characterized by improved bioavailability
and limited toxicity. This drug has great therapeutic potential, but different
side effects. We conclude the overall history and development of MIT and
Lipo-MIT, which show controversial efficacy of MIT compared to doxorubicin and
therapeutic potential of Lipo-MIT. This article reviewed the application of MIT
and liposome forms in adult AML patients.
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