Public
transport services, particularly bus services, play an important role in a
sustainable transportation system. However, despite various efforts, bus ridership
has decreased. The appearance of shared and on-demand vehicle services is one
of the main reasons for this issue. In addition, bus tourism services have been
successfully developed to meet the exigent needs of tourists. Therefore, a new
level of daily bus service is necessary to adapt to the changing demands of
customers. Bus interaction (BI) plays an important role in bus services.
Nevertheless, the conventional concept of BI mainly refers to users, physical
interaction, and safety, but it does not address non-users, non-physical
interactions, service quality, and other aspects. This study aims to elaborate
on a new concept of bus services. Based on this, we developed a theoretical
framework for BI. A meta-analysis was then conducted to identify the
achievements and untouched aspects. The results of this study provide three
main contributions. First, an unprecedented novel concept of BI is defined,
including 13 types of interactions. Second, a comprehensive theoretical
framework of BI is established based on the relationships between eight
sustainable bus system sub-aspects and 13 BI types. Third, based on the
theoretical framework and findings of the reviewed studies, a common finding
comprehensive framework of BI is completed, which is accompanied by 1) key findings
of the 13 BI types, 2)
conclusions of traffic conditions affecting BI research, 3) BI research
gaps, and 4)
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