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洞庭湖上游平原区浅层地下水健康风险分析
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Abstract:
洞庭湖上游平原区浅层地下水是该区域农业生产和农民饮用的主要水源，其水质影响着农业生产和农村居民健康。基于健康风险评价模型和Monte Carlo方法研究了洞庭湖上游平原区浅层地下水的健康风险问题。结果表明雨旱两季浅层地下水中As、NO3-和Mn含量均超标，受到研究区内地质条件、农业生产和采矿活动影响，雨季超标率分别为9%、27%和61%，旱季超标率略低。然而风险物质浓度低于国家水质标准仍有可能产生健康风险。地下水中的As、Cd和Cr对成人健康具有主要的致癌风险， NO2-和As对儿童和成人的健康具有主要的非致癌风险。总体上，研究区地下水的健康风险处于可接受水平。但是澧水下游区域乃至整个西洞庭湖平原为高地下水健康风险区，这与浅层地下水的还原环境有关。地下水还原性环境加强了 NO2-和As的健康风险，使NO2- 和As高风险区的位置高度一致。经饮食摄入的健康风险远高于经皮肤接触，是主要的风险暴露途径。然而，地下水中Cr经皮肤接触的健康风险最大。致癌性和非致癌性因子的健康风险对物质浓度最为敏感。
The shallow groundwater in the upper plain area of Dongting Lake is the main water source for agricultural irrigation and drinking of farmers. The water quality of shallow groundwater affects agricultural production and the health of rural residents. In July and October 2019, shallow groundwater samples were collected from the upper plain area of the Dongting Lake, respectively. The health risk of groundwater was studied using the USEPA health risk assessment model and Monte Carlo method. The results showed that the contents of As, NO3- and Mn in shallow groundwater in rainy and dry seasons exceeded the water quality standards of China, indicating the influence of geological conditions, agricultural production and mining activities on groundwater quality in this area. The over standard rates in the rainy season were 9%, 27% and 61% respectively and slightly lower in dry season. Particular attention should be paid to the possibility of health risks arising from substances with concentrations below relevant national standards. As, Cd, and Cr in shallow groundwater pose major carcinogenic risks to adult health, and NO2- and As pose major non-carcinogenic risks to child and adult health. Overall, the health risk of groundwater in the study area is at an acceptable level. However, the downstream area of the Lishui River and even the whole West Dongting Lake plain belong to the high-risk area of groundwater health risk. The locations of high-risk areas of NO2- and As are highly consistent with the distribution of groundwater with reducing environment. The reducing groundwater environment enhances the health risks of NO2- and As. The health risk of dietary intake is much higher than that of skin contact, which is the main route of risk exposure. At the same time, the health risk of
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