The aim of this study is to investigate the color change of different restoration thicknesses, backgrounds and resin cement colors on lithium disilicate and zirconium reinforced lithium silicate materials in vitro. In this study, IPS emax CAD (LT C14) and Celtra Duo (LT C14) are used as full ceramic materials, and Variolink Esthetic LC (warm, neutral) used as resin cement and Tokuyama Estelite Sigma Quick (A3, A2) is used as composite materials. A total of 160 samples in the form of 40 pieces of 5 × 5 0.4 mm thick 40 pieces of 5 × 5 0.6 mm thick square discs from each of the all-ceramic materials in block form were obtained using a water jet device (DWJ1525-FA; Dardi International Corporation, Nanjing, China). Glass ceramic samples produced in 2 different thicknesses were cemented on 2 different backgrounds with 2 different resin types of cement. Color measurements of the samples before and after cementation were performed on a grey background with spectrophotometer Vita EasyShade V (Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Sackingen, Germany) and color parameters (L*, a*, b*, ΔE) were calculated according to the CIE Lab (Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage) system. Average values for each group (ΔE) were not affected by ceramic type, material thickness, background color, resin cement color, and the interaction of these four variables (p > 0.05). When the triple interactions between the groups were examined, there were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). In the evaluation of pairwise interactions between two groups (material type-material thickness, material type-background color, and thickness of material-background interactions) statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were seen. Clinical Implications: The material type, thickness, background and cement color used did not cause any statistically significant color change in lithium disilicate and zirconium-reinforced lithium silicate glass ceramic materials (p > 0.05).
References
[1]
Azer, S.S., Ayash, G.M., Johnston, W.M., Khalil, M.F. and Rosenstiel, S.F. (2006) Effect of Esthetic Core Shades on the Final Color of IPS Empress All-Ceramic Crowns. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 96, 397-401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2006.09.020
[2]
Wall, J.G. and Cipra, D.L. (1992) Alternative Crown Systems: Is the Metal-Ceramic Crown Always the Restoration of Choice? Dental Clinics of North America, 36, 765-782. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0011-8532(22)01827-4
[3]
de Azevedo Cubas G.B., Camacho, G.B., Demarco, F.F. and Pereira-Cenci, T. (2011) The Effect of Luting Agents and Ceramic Thickness on the Color Variation of Different Ceramics against a Chromatic Background. European Journal of Dentistry, 5, 245-252. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1698888
[4]
Terzioglu, H., Yilmaz, B. and Yurdukoru, B. (2009) The Effect of Different Shades of Specific Luting Agents and IPS Empress Ceramic Thickness on Overall Color. International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry, 29, 499-505.
[5]
Seghi, R.R., Johnston, W.M. and O’Brien, W.J. (1986) Spectrophotometric Analysis of Color Differences between Porcelain Systems. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 56, 35-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(86)90279-9
[6]
Azer, S.S., Rosenstiel, S.F., Seghi, R.R. and Johnston, W.M. (2011) Effect of Substrate Shades on the Color of Ceramic Laminate Veneers. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 106, 179-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3913(11)60117-0
[7]
Carossa, S., Lombardo, S., Pera, P., Corsalini, M., Rastello, M.L. and Preti, P.G. (2001) Influence of Posts and Cores on Light Transmission through Different All-Ceramic Crowns: Spectrophotometric and Clinical Evaluation. The International Journal of Prosthodontics, 14, 9-14.
[8]
Conrad, H.J., Seong, W.J. and Pesun, I.J. (2007) Current Ceramic Materials and Systems with Clinical Recommendations: A Systematic Review. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 98, 389-404. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3913(07)60124-3
[9]
Yaman, P., Qazi, S.R., Dennison, J.B. and Razzoog, M.E. (1997) Effect of Adding Opaque Porcelain on the Final Color of Porcelain Laminates. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 77, 136-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3913(97)70226-9
[10]
Vichi, A., Ferrari, M. and Davidson, C.L. (2000) Influence of Ceramic and Cement Thickness on the Masking of Various Types of Opaque Posts. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 83, 412-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3913(00)70035-7
[11]
Barath, V.S., Faber, F.J., Westland, S. and Niedermeier, W. (2003) Spectrophotometric Analysis of All-Ceramic Materials and Their Interaction with Luting Agents and Different Backgrounds. Advances in Dental Research, 17, 55-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3913(00)70035-7
[12]
Barao, V.A., Gennari-Filho, H., Goiato, M.C., dos Santos, D.M. and Pesqueira, A.A. (2010) Factors to Achieve Aesthetics in All-Ceramic Restorations. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, 21, 2007-2012. https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0b013e3181f535d4
[13]
Douglas, R.D. and Przybylska, M. (1999) Predicting Porcelain Thickness Required for Dental Shade Matches. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 82, 143-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3913(99)70147-2
[14]
Chang, J., Da Silva, J.D., Sakai, M., Kristiansen, J. and Ishikawa-Nagai, S. (2009) The Optical Effect of Composite Luting Cement on All Ceramic Crowns. Journal of Dentistry, 37, 937-943. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2009.07.009
[15]
Dozic, A., Kleverlaan, C.J., Meegdes, M., van der Zel, J. and Feilzer, A.J. (2003) The Influence of Porcelain Layer Thickness on the Final Shade of Ceramic Restorations. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 90, 563-570. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3913(03)00517-1
[16]
Chaiyabutr, Y., Kois, J.C., Lebeau, D. and Nunokawa, G. (2011) Effect of Abutment Tooth Color, Cement Color, and Ceramic Thickness on the Resulting Optical Color of a CAD/CAM Glass-Ceramic Lithium Disilicate-Reinforced Crown. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 105, 83-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3913(11)60004-8
[17]
Kürklü, D., Azer, S., Yilmaz, B. and Johnston, W. (2013) Porcelain Thickness and Cement Shade Effects on the Colour and Translucency of Porcelain Veneering Materials. Journal of Dentistry, 41, 1043-1050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2013.08.017
[18]
Arif, R., Yilmaz, B. and Johnston, W. (2019) In Vitro Color Stainability and Relative Translucency of CAD-CAM Restorative Materials Used for Laminate Veneers and Complete Crowns. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 122, 160-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2018.09.011
[19]
L‘Eclairage, C.I.D. (2004) A Colour Appearance Model for Colour Management Systems: CIECAM02. CIE. https://cie.co.at/about-cie
[20]
Comlekoglu, M.E., Paken, G., Tan, F., Dündar-Comlekoglu, M., Ozcan, M., Akan, E. and Aladag, A. (2016) Evaluation of Different Thickness, Die Color, and Resin Cement Shade for Veneers of Multilayered CAD/CAM Blocks. Journal of Prosthodontics, 25, 563-569. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopr.12367
[21]
Turgut, S., Bagis, B. and Ayaz, E. (2014) Achieving the Desired Colour in Discoloured Teeth, Using Leucite-Based Cad-Cam Laminate Systems. Journal of Dentistry, 42, 68-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2013.10.018
[22]
Eldwakhly, E., Ahmed, D.R.M., Soliman, M., Abbas, M.M. and Badrawy, W. (2019) Color and Translucency Stability of Novel Restorative CAD/CAM Materials. Dental and Medical Problems, 56, 349-356. https://doi.org/10.17219/dmp/111400
[23]
Raptis, N., Michalakis, K. and Hirayama, H. (2006) Optical Behavior of Current Ceramic Systems. The International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry, 26, 31-41.
[24]
Li, Q. and Wang, Y. (2007) Comparison of Shade Matching by Visual Observation and an Intraoral Dental Colorimeter. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 34, 848-354. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2006.01678.x
[25]
Peumans, M., Van Meerbeek, B., Lambrechts, P. and Vanherle, G. (2000) Porcelain veneers: A Review of the Literature. Journal of Dentistry, 28, 163-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-5712(99)00066-4
[26]
Rasetto, F.H., Driscoll, C.F., Prestipino, V., Masri, R. and von Fraunhofer, J.A. (2004) Light Transmission through All-Ceramic Dental Materials: A Pilot Study. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 91, 441-446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2004.02.019
[27]
Chu, F.C., Chow, T.W. and Chai, J. (2007) Contrast Ratios and Masking Ability of Three Types of Ceramic Veneers. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 98, 359-364. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3913(07)60120-6
[28]
Koishi, Y., Tanoue, N. and Matsumura, H.M.A. (2001) Colour Reproducibility of a Photo-Activated Prosthetic Composite with Different Thicknesses. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 28, 799-804.
[29]
Peixoto, R., Paulinelli, V., Sander, H., Lanza, M., Cury, L. and Poletto, L. (2007) Light Transmission through Porcelain. Dental Materials, 23, 1363-1368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2006.11.025
[30]
Alqahtani, M., Aljurais, R. and Alshaafi, M. (2012) The Effects of Different Shades of Resin Luting Cements on the Color of Ceramic Veneers. Dental Materials Journal, 31, 354-361. https://doi.org/10.4012/dmj.2011-268
[31]
Perroni, A., Kaizerb, M., Della, B.A., Moraes, R. and Boscato, N. (2018) Influence of Light-Cured Luting Agents and Associated Factors on the Color of Ceramic Laminate Veneers: A Systematic Review of in Vitro Studies. Dental Materials, 34, 1610-1624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2018.08.298
[32]
Alghazzawi, T., Lemons, J., Liu, P., Essig, M. and Janowski, G. (2012) Evaluation of the Optical Properties of CAD-CAM Generated Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia and Glass-Ceramic Laminate Veneers. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 107, 300-308. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3913(12)60079-1
[33]
Sulaiman, T., Abdulmajeed, A., Donovan, T., et al. (2015) Degree of Conversion of Dual-Polymerizing Cements Light Polymerized through Monolithic Zirconia of Different Thicknesses and Types. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 114, 103-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2015.02.007
[34]
Usumez, A., Ozturk, A., Usumez, S. and Ozturk, B. (2004) The Efficiency of Different Light Sources to Polymerize Resin Cement Beneath Porcelain Laminate Veneers. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 31, 160-165. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0305-182X.2003.01219.x
[35]
Blackman, R., Barghi, N. and Duke, E. (1990) Influence of Ceramic Thickness on the Polymerization of Light-Cured Resin Cement. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 63, 295-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(90)90199-M
[36]
Lu, H. and Powers, J. (2004) Color Stability of Resin Cements after Accelerated Aging. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 17, 354-358.
[37]
Kucukesmen, H., Usumez, A., Ozturk, N. and Eroglu, E. (2008) Change of Shade by Light Polymerization in a Resin Cement Polymerized Beneath a Ceramic Restoration. Journal of Dentistry, 36, 219-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2007.12.005
[38]
Nanhatson, D. and Banasr, F. (2002) Color Stability of Resin Cements—An in Vitro Study. Practical Procedures & Aesthetic Dentistry: PPAD, 14, 449-455.
[39]
Bektas, O., Siso, S. and Eren, D. (2006) Isik Kaynaklari, Polimerizasyon ve Klinik Uygulamalar. Ege üniversitesi Dis Hekimligi Fakültesi Dergisi, 27, 117-124.
[40]
Pegoraro, T.A., da Silva, N.R.F.A. and Carvalho, R.M. (2007) Cements for Use in Esthetic Dentistry. Dental Clinics of North America, 51, 453-471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cden.2007.02.003
[41]
Chen, X., Hong, G., Xing, W. and Wang, Y. (2015) The Influence of Resin Cements on the Final Color of Ceramic Veneers. Journal of Prosthodontic Research, 59, 172-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpor.2015.03.001
[42]
Baltzer, A. and Kaufmann-Jinoian, V. (2005) Shading of Ceramic Crowns Using Digital Tooth Shade Matching Devices. International Journal of Computerized Dentistry, 8, 129-152.
