Artificial cementation is a method commonly used
to enhance and improve soil properties. This paper investigates the effect of
using different amounts of cement on soil strength parameters and soil bearing capacity, using the finite element method.
Experimental tests are conducted on soil samples with different amounts of
Portland cement. A 2-D numerical model is created and validated using the
numerical modelling software, COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6 software. The study finds
that the cohesion, and the angle of the internal friction of the soil samples
increasesignificantly
as a result of adding 1%, 2%, and 4% of Portland cement. The results
demonstrate that the stresses and strain under the strip footing proposed
decrease by 3.24% and 7.42%. Moreover, the maximum displacement also decreases
by 1.47% and 2.97%, as a result of adding cements of 2% and 4%. The bearing
capacity values obtained are therefore excellent, especially when using the 2%
and 4% cement. The increase identified is due to the increased values of the
bearing capacity factors. It is concluded that from an economic viewpoint,
using 2% cement is the best option.
References
[1]
Asghari, E., Toll, D.G. and Haeri, S.M. (2004) Effect of Cementation on the Shear Strength of Tehran Gravelly Sand Using Triaxial Tests. Journal of Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran, 15, 65-71.
[2]
Ismael, N.F. (2000) Influence of Artificial Cementation on the Properties of Kuwaiti Sands. Kuwait Journal of Science & Engineering, 27, 59-76.
[3]
Clough, G.W., Sitar, N., Bachus, R.C. and Rad, N.S. (1981) Cemented Sands under Static Loading. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, 107, 799-817. https://doi.org/10.1061/AJGEB6.0001152
[4]
Diambra, A., Festugato, L., Ibraim, E., Peccin da Silva, A. and Consoli, N.C. (2018) Modelling Tensile/Compressive Strength Ratio of Artificially Cemented Clean Sand. Soils and Foundations, 58, 199-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2017.11.011
[5]
Wang, Y.H. and Leung, S.C. (2008) Characterization of Cemented Sand by Experimental and Numerical Investigations. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 134, 992-1004. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2008)134:7(992)
[6]
Haeri, S.M., Hamidi, A., Hosseini, S.M., Asghari, E. and Toll, D.G. (2006) Effect of Cement Type on the Mechanical Behavior of a Gravely Sand. Geotechnical & Geological Engineering, 24, 335-360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-004-7793-1
[7]
Coop, M.R. and Atkinson, J.H. (1993) The Mechanics of Cemented Carbonate Sands. Géotechnique, 43, 53-67. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1993.43.1.53
[8]
Ismael, N.F. (1984) Cement Stabilization of Kuwaiti Soils. Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research, 2, 349-360.
[9]
Alwalan, M.F. (2018) Interaction of Closely Spaced Shallow Foundations on Sands and Clays: A review. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science, 5, 101-110. https://doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.5.9.11
[10]
Pender, M.J., Wotherspoon, L.M. and Ingham, J.M. (2005) Approaches to Design of Shallow Foundations for Low-Rise Framed Structures. 2005 Conference of the New Zealand Society of Earthquake Engineering, Wairaki, 11-13 March 2005.
[11]
Hjiaj, M., Lyamin, A.V. and Sloan, S.W. (2005) Numerical Limit Analysis Solutions for the Bearing Capacity Factor Nγ. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 42, 1681-1704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2004.08.002
[12]
Manoharan, N. and Dasgupta, S.P. (1995) Bearing Capacity of Surface Footings by Finite Elements. Computers & Structures, 54, 563-586. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(94)00381-C
[13]
Griffiths, D.V. (1982) Computation of Bearing Capacity Factors Using Finite Elements. Géotechnique, 32, 195-202. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1982.32.3.195
[14]
Martin, C.M. (2005) Exact Bearing Capacity Calculations Using the Method of Characteristics. Proceedings 11th International Conference of the International Association for Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanic, Turin, 20-25 March 2005, 441-450. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/248554650
[15]
Yang, F., Zheng, X.-C., Zhao, L.-H. and Tan, Y.-G. (2016) Ultimate Bearing Capacity of a Strip Footing Placed on Sand with a Rigid Basement. Computers and Geotechnics, 77, 115-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2016.04.009
[16]
Acharyya, R. (2019) Finite Element Investigation and ANN-Based Prediction of the Bearing Capacity of Strip Footings Resting on Sloping Ground. International Journal of Geo-Engineering, 10, Article No. 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40703-019-0100-z
[17]
Chihi, O. and Saada, Z. (2022) Bearing Capacity of Strip Footing on Rock under Inclined and Eccentric Load Using the Generalized Hoek-Brown Criterion. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 26, 2258-2272. https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2020.1757513
[18]
Chen, Q. and Abu-Farsakh, M. (2015) Ultimate Bearing Capacity Analysis of Strip Footings on Reinforced Soil Foundation. Soils and Foundations, 55, 74-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2014.12.006
[19]
Ray, R., Kumar, D., Samui, P., Roy, L.B., Goh, A.T.C. and Zhang, W. (2021) Application of Soft Computing Techniques for Shallow Foundation Reliability in Geotechnical Engineering. Geoscience Frontiers, 12, 375-383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2020.05.003
[20]
Akagwu, P. and Aboshio, A. (2016) Failure Modes and Bearing Capacity Estimation for Strip Foundations in C-ɸ Soils: A Numerical Study. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 10, 1228-1232. https://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=XsTq8lcAAAAJ&citation_for_view=XsTq8lcAAAAJ:9yKSN-GCB0IC
[21]
Acharyya, R. and Dey, A. (2021) Assessment of Bearing Capacity and Failure Mechanism of Single and Interfering Strip Footings on Sloping Ground. International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 15, 822-833. https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2018.1540099
[22]
Millán, M.A., Galindo, R. and Alencar, A. (2021) Application of Artificial Neural Networks for Predicting the Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations on Rock Masses. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 54, 5071-5094. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-021-02549-1
[23]
Sivakumar Babu, G.L. and Srivastava, A. (2007) Reliability Analysis of Allowable Pressure on Shallow Foundation Using Response Surface Method. Computers and Geotechnics, 34, 187-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2006.11.002
[24]
Nasvi, M.C.M., Ranjith, P.G. and Sanjayan, J. (2015) A Numerical Study of Triaxial Mechanical Behaviour of Geopolymer at Different Curing Temperatures: An Application for Geological Sequestration Wells. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 26, 1148-1160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2015.08.011
[25]
AL-Rashidi, A., Almutairi, S. and Almutairi, T. (2022) Numerical Modelling Study of the Effect of Artificial Cementation on the Mechanical Behaviour of Sandy Soil. American Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 10, 8-15.
