全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

Gender Diversity and Employee Performance in the Tanzania Textile Firms

DOI: 10.4236/jhrss.2023.112015, PP. 235-254

Keywords: Gender Diversity, Employees’ Performance, Textile Industry and Tanzania

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

Employees’ performance is considered to be the lifeline of any organization considering the competitive environment that exists in the today’s business world. One of the factors that can be used to promote employees’ performance is gender diversity. In this regard, many researchers have been attracted to study such relationship. But most prior empirical studies focused on employee’s performance as a single dimensional variable instead of being multidimensional variable. Employees’ performance can be categorized as adaptive, contextual and task performance. In this regard, the article aimed at examining the influence of gender diversity on employees’ performance dimensions. The sample size was 618 whereby 203 respondents were from Dar es Salaam; 173 from Mwanza; 117 from Shinyanga and 125 from Simiyu who were chosen by using multistage sampling technique. In total, 554 respondents filled in and returned the questionnaire which makes the response rate of 89.6%. Mean scores and Structural Equation Model (SEM) were used as data analysis techniques. The findings revealed that gender diversity had a statistically significant and positive influence on all employees’ performance dimensions i.e. adaptive, contextual and task performance. Hence, the article recommends that organizations must ensure the appropriate mix of men and women at workplace through engendered recruitment, retention and career development. However, promotion and appointment of the higher positions such as managerial positions should base on the merits of an individuals and not on their gender.

References

[1]  Adams, R. B., & Ferreira, D. (2009). Women in the Boardroom and Their Impact on Governance and Performance. Journal of Financial Economics, 94, 291-309.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2008.10.007
[2]  Afroz, N. (2018). Effects of Training on Employee Performance: A Study on Banking Sector, Tangail Bangladesh. Global Journal of Economic and Business, 4, Article ID: 111124.
https://doi.org/10.12816/0048158
[3]  Ahern, K., & Dittmar, A. (2011). The Impact of Firm Valuation of Mandated Female Board Representation. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 127, 137-197.
https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjr049
[4]  Ali, M., Kulik, C. T., & Metz, I. (2011). The Gender Diversity-Performance Relationship in Services and Manufacturing Organizations. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22, 1464-1485.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2011.561961
[5]  Al-Zubi, Z., Ali, N., & Alqtish, A. (2017). The Effects of Low Morale and Motivation on Employee Productivity and Competitiveness in Jordanian Industrial Companies. International Business Research, 10, 1-7.
https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v10n7p1
[6]  Amsi, F., Kiflemariam, A., & Ngui, T. (2022). Affective Engagement, Gender Diversity and Employee Performance in the Tanzanian Textile Industry. Open Journal of Business and Management, 10, 2829-2850.
https://doi.org/10.4236/ojbm.2022.105140
[7]  Borman, W. C., & Motowidlo, S. J. (1993). Expanding the Criterion Domain to Include Elements of Contextual Performance. In N. Schmitt, & W. C. Borman (Eds.), Personnel Selection in Organizations (pp. 71-98). Jossey-Bass.
[8]  Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming (2nd ed.). Routledge.
[9]  Chau, P., & Hu, P. (2001). Information Technology Acceptance by Individual Professionals: A Model Comparison Approach. Decision Sciences, 32, 699-719.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2001.tb00978.x
[10]  Chepkemoi, G., Rop, W., & Chepkwony, P. (2022). The Relationship between Gender Diversity and Employee Performance in the County Government of Bomet, Kenya. East Africa Journal of Business, 5, 90-98.
https://doi.org/10.37284/eajbe.5.1.564
[11]  Chew, E. W., Lee, K. M., Tan, S. C., & Tee, S. F. (2011). The Effects of Workforce Diversity towards the Employee Performance in an Organization. UTAR.
[12]  Chijoke, N. N., & Chinedu, F. E. (2015). Effects of Rewards on Employee Performance in Organization: A Study of Selected Commercial Banks in Awka Metropolis. European Journal of Business and Management, 7, 80-88.
[13]  Durga, P. R. (2017). The Impact of Workforce Diversity on Organizational Effectiveness: A Study of Selected Banks in Tigray Region of Ethiopia. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 6, 427-434.
https://doi.org/10.21275/29121604
[14]  Emiko, M., & Eunmi, C. (2009). Diversity Management and the Effects on Employees’ Organizational Commitment: Evidence from Japan and Korea. Journal of World Business, 44, 31-40.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2008.03.018
[15]  Fareed, Z., Ul-Abidan, Z., & Shahzad, F. (2013). The Impact of Rewards on Employee’s Job Performance and Job Satisfaction. Management and Administrative Science Review, 2, 431-442.
[16]  Farndale, E., Beijer, S. E., Van Veldhoven, M. J. P. M., Kelliher, C., & Hope-Hailey, V. (2014). Work and Organisation Engagement: Aligning Research and Practice. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, 1, 157-176.
https://doi.org/10.1108/JOEPP-03-2014-0015
[17]  Galinsky, E., Bond, J. T., & Hill, E. J. (2004). When Work Works: A Status Report on Workplace Flexibility. Who Has It? Who Wants It? What Difference Does It Make? Families and Work Institute.
[18]  Gallego, I., Garcia, I. M., & Rodriguez, L. (2010). The Influence of Gender Diversity on Corporate Performance. Revista de Contabilidada-Accounting Review, 13, 54-68.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1138-4891(10)70012-1
[19]  Garavan, T., McCarthy, A., & Carbery, R. (2020). Training and Organizational Performance: A Meta-Analysis of Temporal, Institutional and Organizational Context Moderators. Human Resource Management Journal, 31, 93-119.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12284
[20]  Giulian, M., & Poli, S. (2019). Which Relationship between Gender Diversity, Intellectual Capital and Financial Performance? International Journal of Business and Management, 14, 101-115.
https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v14n10p101
[21]  Gruman, J. A., & Saks, A. M. (2011). Performance Management and Employee Engagement. Human Resource Management Review, 21, 123-136.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2010.09.004
[22]  Hair, J. F., & Black, W. C. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis: Global Edition (7th ed.). Prentice Hall.
[23]  Hapompwe, C. C., Mulenga, M., Siwale, J., & Kukano, C. (2020). Impact of Age and Gender Diversity on Employee Performance in Organizations. A Case Study of Zambia Compulsory Standards Agency (ZCSA). International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 10, 447-456.
https://doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.10.06.2020.p10253
[24]  Hesketh, B., & Neal, A. (1999). Technology and Performance. In D. R. Ilgen, & D. P. Pulakos (Eds.), The Changing Nature of Performance: Implications for Staffing, Motivation and Development (pp. 21-55). Jossey-Bass.
[25]  Hofmann, S. G., & Hinton, D. E. (2014). Cross-Cultural Aspects of Anxiety Disorders. Current Psychiatry Reports, 16, 450-459.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-014-0450-3
[26]  Hooper, D., Coughlan, J. P., & Mullen, M. R. (2008). Structural Equation Modelling: Guidelines for Determining Model Fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6, 53-60.
[27]  House, R. J., Hanges, P. J., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P. W., & Gupta, V. (2004). Culture, Leadership, and Organizations: The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies. Sage Publications.
[28]  Khan, F., Sohail, A., Khan, S. M., Uddin, M., & Basit, A. (2019). The Effect of Workforce Diversity on Employee Performance in Higher Education Sector. Journal of Management Information, 6, 1-8.
https://doi.org/10.31580/jmi.v6i3.515
[29]  Kirton, G., & Greene, A.-M. (2015). The Dynamics of Managing Diversity: A Critical Approach. Routledge.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315767147
[30]  Kochan, T., Bezrukova, K., Ely, R., Jackson, D., & Joshi, A. K. (2002). The Effects of Diversity on Business Performance. Human Resource Management Journal, 42, 36-45.
https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.10061
[31]  Kyalo, J. M. K., & Gachunga, H. (2015). Effect of Diversity in Workplace on Employee Performance in the Banking Industry in Kenya. Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 2, 145-181.
[32]  Matsumoto, D., & Juang, L. (2013). Culture and Psychology (6th ed.). San Francisco State University.
[33]  Miller, T., & Carmen, T. M. (2009). Demographic Diversity in the Boardroom: Mediators of the Board Diversity-Firm Performance Relationship. Journal of Management Studies, 46, 755-786.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2009.00839.x
[34]  Mishra, S., & Panda, G. (2018). Impact of Competency Based Training Need Assessment on Individual Performance: A Study on Employees of Easel Mining Industries. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7, 157-159.
https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.7.20534
[35]  Motowidlo, S. J., & Van-Scotter, J. R. (1994). Evidence That Task Performance Should Be Distinguished from Contextual Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 475-480.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.79.4.475
[36]  Nang’oni, W. S., & Kembu, A. S. (2018). Influence of Gender Diversity at Kenya Urban Roads Authority. The Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 17, 46-55.
[37]  Nassary, R. P. (2018). The Effects of Training on Employees’ Performance in Public Institutions: A Case of Arusha Municipality, Tanzania. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS), 5, 235-246.
[38]  National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) (2016). National Accounts of Tanzania Mainland, 2001& 2012. Retrieved from Ministry of Finance.
[39]  Nielsen, V. L., & Madsen, M. B. (2017). Does Gender Diversity in the Workplace Affect Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention? International public Management Review, 8, 77-115.
https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i11/4898
[40]  Odhiambo, M. W., Gachoka, H., & Rambo, C. (2018). Relationship between Gender Diversity and Employee Performance of Public Universities in Western Kenya. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8, 249-272.
[41]  Onwuchekwa, F., Onwuzuligbo, L., & Ifeanyi, T. T. (2019). Gender Diversity and Employee Engagement: A Study of Cable Manufacturing Companies in Anambra State, Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 21, 61-67.
[42]  Oxford, R. L. (1990). Language Learning Strategies: What Every Teacher Should Know. Newbury House.
[43]  Oxford, R. L., & Burry-Stock, J. A. (1995). Assessing the Use of Language Learning Strategies Worldwide with the ESL/EFL Version of the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL). System, 23, 1-23.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0346-251X(94)00047-A
[44]  Pradhan, R. K., & Jena, L. K. (2017). Employee Performance at Workplace: Conceptual Model and Empirical Validation. Business Perspectives and Research, 5, 69-85.
https://doi.org/10.1177/2278533716671630
[45]  Randel, A. E. (2002). Identity Salience: A Moderator of the Relationship between Group Gender Composition and Work Group Conflict. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 749-766.
https://doi.org/10.1002/job.163
[46]  Reijseger, G., Peeters, M. C., Taris, T. W., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2017). From Motivation to Activation: Why Engaged Workers Are Better Performers. Journal of Business and Psychology, 32, 117-130.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-016-9435-z
[47]  Rizwan, M., Khan, M. N., & Nadeem, B. (2016). The Impact of Workforce Diversity towards Employee Performance: Evidence from Banking Sector of Pakistan. American Journal of Marketing Research, 2, 53-60.
[48]  Rosnow, R. L., & Rosenthal, R. (2013). Beginning Behavioral Research: A Conceptual Primer (7th ed.). Pearson Education Inc.
[49]  Safitri, F. A. et al. (2019). The Effect of Training, Discipline, Motivation, and Satisfaction on Employee Achievement. SSRN Electronic Journal, 5, 1-13.
https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3313138
[50]  Salah, M. A. (2016). The Influence of Rewards on Employees’ Performance. British Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, 13, 1-25.
https://doi.org/10.9734/BJEMT/2016/25822
[51]  Samantha, R., Senthuran, N., & Priyantha, M. (2021). An Empirical Study on Employees’ Job Performance at ABC Group of Companies. In Proceedings of the 5th International Research Symposium on HRM 2021 (pp. 1-17). Chartered Institute of Personnel Management of Sri Lanka.
http://www.cipmlk.org/research
[52]  Sanderson, C. A. (2010). Social Psychology. John Willey & Sons.
[53]  Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2010). Research Methods for Business: A Skill Building Approach (5th ed.). John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
[54]  Sharma, P., Kong, T. T. C., & Kingshott, R. P. (2016). Internal Service Quality as a Driver of Employee Satisfaction, Commitment, and Performance: Exploring the Focal Role of Employee Well-Being. Journal of Service Management, 27, 773-797.
https://doi.org/10.1108/JOSM-10-2015-0294
[55]  Sheth, H. (2018). Impact of Workforce Diversity on Employee Performance with Special Reference Telecommunication Industry in Gujarat. Doctoral Dissertation, Technological University.
[56]  Sriviboon, C., & Jermsittiparsert, K. (2019). Influence of Human Resource Practices on Thai Pharmaceutical Firm Performance with Moderating Role of Job Involvement. Systematic Review in Pharmacy, 10, 234-243.
[57]  Stone-Romero, E. F., Alvarez, K., & Thompson, L. F. (2009). The Construct Validity of Conceptual and Operational Definitions of Contextual Performance and Related Constructs. Human Resource Management Review, 19, 104-116.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2008.10.003
[58]  Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using Multivariate Statistics (5th ed.). Allyn & Bacon.
[59]  Thadani, D. R., & Cheung, C. M. K. (2008). Online Social Network Dependency: Theoretical Development and Testing of Competing Models. In The 2011 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (pp. 1-9). The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2011.331
[60]  Thisted, R. A. (2006). The Cross-Sectional Study: Investigating Prevalence and Association. The University of Chicago.
[61]  Ullah, M. (2020). Women Empowerment and Social Development in Afghanistan through Micro Finance. International Journal of Academic Research in business and Social Sciences, 10, 377-389.
https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i12/8324
[62]  Ullman, J. B. (1996). Structural Equation Modeling. In B. G. Tabachnick, & L. S. Fidell (Eds.), Using Multivariate Statistics (3rd ed., pp. 709-819). Harper Collins College Publishers.
[63]  Vygotsky, L. (1978). Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Process. Harvard University Press.
[64]  Wegge, J., Roth, C., Neubach, B., Schmidt, K.-H., & Kanfer, R. (2008). Age and Gender Diversity as Determinants of Performance and Health in a Public Organization: The Role of Task Complexity and Group Size. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 1301-1313.
https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012680
[65]  Wright, P. M., & Snell, S. A. (2009). Human Resource and Capabilities. In J. Sstorey, P. Wright, & D. Ulrich (Eds.), The Roultedge Companion to Strategic Human Resource Management (pp. 756-772). Oxford University Press.
[66]  Zhuwao, S., Ngirande, H., Ndlovu, W., & Setati, S. T. (2019). Workforce Diversity and Its Effects on Employee Performance in Higher Education Institution in South Africa: A Case Study of University of Venda.

Full-Text

comments powered by Disqus

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133