The massive growth of wireless traffic goes hand in hand with the deployment of advanced radio interfaces as well as network densification. This growth has a direct impact on the radio access architecture, which today is moving from centralized to distributed deployments through the use of a large number of access points (APs). This paper verifies the feasibility of deploying multiple APs in series on a single line in a ring topology in a cell-less network. On the one hand, this technique will further improve the communication capacity and flexibility of a Radio-over-Fiber (RoF) based mobile communication system and will reduce its construction cost. And on the other hand, this deployment topology is a solution to achieve a massive cell-free Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) architecture and a cost-effective fronthaul solution. First, a passive optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM) is used to extract and add downlink and uplink signals from the remote access points of one kilometer. Then, a deployment model is developed with version 17 Optisystem software. The results obtained showed that the quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) does not adapt to this multi-carrier transmission to deploy several AP in series on a single line. Thus, the performance degradation increases when the number of APs integrated on the line increases.
References
[1]
Guenach, M., Gorji, A.A. and Bourdoux, A. (2020) Joint Power Control and Access Point Scheduling in Fronthaul-Constrained Uplink Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 69, 2709-2722. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM.2020.3047801
[2]
Interdonato, G., Björnson, E., Quoc Ngo, H., Frenger, P. and Larsson, E.G. (2019) Ubiquitous Cell-Free Massive MIMO Communications. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, Article No. 197. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-019-1507-0
[3]
Zhang, J., Björnson, E., Matthaiou, M., Ng, D.W.K., Yang, H. and Love, D.J. (2020) Prospective Multiple Antenna Technologies for Beyond 5G. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 38, 1637-1660. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSAC.2020.3000826
[4]
Belkin, M., Alyoshin, A. and Fofanov, D. (2020) Designing WDM-RoF Concept-Based Ful1-Duplex MMW Fiber Fronthaul Microcell Network. 2020 26th Conference of Open Innovations Association (FRUCT), Yaroslavl, 20-24 April 2020, 52-59. https://doi.org/10.23919/FRUCT48808.2020.9087454
[5]
Singh, S. (2014) Performance Investigation on DWDM Optical Ring Network to Increase the Capacity with Acceptable Performance. Optik, 125, 5750-5752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2014.07.049
[6]
Wang, Y., Pei, L., Li, J. and Li, Y. (2017) Full-Duplex Radio-over-Fiber System with Tunable Millimeter-Wave Signal Generation and Wavelength Reuse for Upstream Signal. Applied Optics, 56, 4982-4989. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.56.004982
[7]
Pires, J.J.O. (2001) Constraints on the Design of 2-Fiber Bi-Directional WDM Rings with Optical Multiplexer Section Protection. 2001 Digest of LEOS Summer Topical Meetings: Advanced Semiconductor Lasers and Applications/Ultraviolet and Blue Lasers and Their Applications/Ultralong Haul DWDM Transmission and Networking/WDM Compo, State of Colorado, 30 July 2001-1 August 2001, 2. https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOSST.2001.941930
[8]
Tran, A.V., Chae, C.J. and Tucker, R.S. (2003) A Bidirectional Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer with Gain Using Multiport Circulators, Fiber Bragg Gratings, and a Single Unidirectional Optical Amplifier. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 15, 975-977. https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2003.813427
[9]
Chang, C.-H., Lu, D.-Y., Yang, T.-Y. Fu, Z.-H., Liu, Q.-Q. and Zhu, Z.-M. (2017) An Optical Fiber Transport System Based on a Novel Bidirectional OADM. 2017 Opto-Electronics and Communications Conference (OECC) and Photonics Global Conference (PGC), Singapore, 31 July 2017-4 August 2017, 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1109/OECC.2017.8114801
Tsai, W.S., Chang, C.H., Lin, Z.G., Lu, D.Y. and Yang, T.Y. (2019) Fiber Link Health Detection and Self-Healing Algorithm for Two-Ring-Based RoF Transport Systems. Sensors, 19, Article 4201. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19194201
[12]
Li, C.Y., Chang, C.H. and Lu, D.Y. (2020) Full-Duplex Self-Recovery Optical Fibre Transport System Based on a Passive Single-Line Bidirectional Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer. IEEE Photonics Journal, 12, Article No. 7202310. https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2020.3022703
[13]
Li, C.Y., Chang, C.H. and Lin, Z.G. (2021) Single-Line Bidirectional Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer for Ring Topology Optical Fiber Networks. Sensors, 21, Article 2641. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21082641
[14]
Li, C.Y., Chang, C.H. and Lin, Z.G. (2021) Hybrid Ring-and Tree-Topology RoF Transmission System with Disconnection Protection. Photonics, 8, Article 515. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics8020051
[15]
Hu, X., Si, H., Mao, J. and Wang, Y. (2022) Self-Healing and Shortest Path in Optical Fiber Sensor Network. Journal of Sensors, 2022, Article ID: 5717041. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5717041
[16]
Klinkowski, M. and Jaworski, M. (2023) Cost-Aware Optimization of Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers Placement in Packet-Optical xHaul Access Networks. Applied Sciences, 13, Article 4862. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13084862