复合微生态制剂对盘锦稻蟹种养田水质和细菌群落的影响
Effects of Composite Microecological Preparations on Water Quality and Bacterial Community in Rice Crab Cultivation Fields of Panjin Rice

本研究建立一种新的生态调控模式，通过在有河蟹的稻田围隔内加入含有乳酸菌，反硝化细菌、芽孢杆菌为主的复合微生态制剂，探讨微生态制剂对养殖水体中溶解氧，pH，氨态氮、亚硝酸氮和活性磷以及河蟹生长和水稻产量的影响。通过研究得出以下结论：在稻蟹种养田水体内添加微生态制剂可以显著影响水质，与对照组进行比较，试验组的pH、溶解氧、氨态氮、亚硝酸氮和活性磷有显著性差异(P < 0.05)。其中溶解氧降低14%，氨态氮升高53%，亚硝酸氮升高50%，活性磷升高20%。但氨态氮，亚硝酸氮和活性磷相对含量都很低，同时也为水体带来了N和P等营养物质。水体细菌群落没有显著变化，优势门为变形菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门、厚壁菌门。优势属分别为Limnohabitans、Hydrogenophaga、多核杆菌属、黄杆菌属，Curvibacter。水稻千粒重增加9.14%，扣蟹质量增加11.87%，且均没有病害发生。因此，在稻蟹种养田中应用微生态制剂对水质有显著影响，水体细菌群落基本保持稳定，水稻和扣蟹产量上升，有较好的经济增加产出。
In this study, a new eco-logical regulation model was established, and the effects of microecological preparations on dis-solved oxygen, pH, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and active phosphorus, as well as Eriocheir sinensis growth and rice yield were explored by adding compound microecological preparations mainly containing lactic acid bacteria, denitrifying bacteria and bacillus in paddy fields with Eri-ocheir sinensis. Through the study, it was concluded that the addition of microecological prepara-tions to the water body of rice crab cultivation field could significantly affect the water quality, and compared with the control group, there were significant differences in pH, dissolved oxygen, ammo-nia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and active phosphorus in the experimental group (P < 0.05). Among them, dissolved oxygen decreased by 14%, ammonia nitrogen increased by 53%, nitrite nitrogen increased by 50%, and active phosphorus increased by 20%. However, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and active phosphorus are relatively low in content, and they also bring nutrients such as N and P to the water body. There was no significant change in the bacterial community of the water body, and the dominant phylum were Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, Actinomycetes, and Firmicutes. The dominant genera are Limnohabitans, Hydrogenophaga, Polynucleobacteria, Flavobacteria, and Curvibacter. The weight of 1,000 grains of rice increased by 9.14%, and the mass of buckle crab in-creased by 11.87%, and no diseases occurred. Therefore, the application of microecological prepa-rations in rice crab breeding fields had a significant impact on water quality, the bacterial commu-nity of the water body remained basically stable, the yield of rice and juvenile crabs increased, and there was a good economic increase in output.