Hydrodynamic Performance of a Newly-Designed Pelagic and Demersal Trawls Using Physical Modeling and Analytical Methods for Cameroonian Industrial Fisheries
This study proposed the newly-designed Pelagic and demersal trawls for the fishing vessels operating in Cameroonian waters in pelagic and demersal fishing grounds. The engineering performances of both trawls were investigated using physical modelling method and analytical method based on the predicted equations. In a flume tank, a series of physical model tests based on Tauti’s law were performed to investigate the hydrodynamic and geometrical performances of both trawls and to assess the applicability of the analytical methods based on predicted equations. The results showed that in model scale, the working towing speed and door spread for the pelagic trawl were 3.5 knots and 1.85 m, respectively, and for the bottom trawl net they were 4.0 knots and 1.8 m. At that speed and door spread, the drag force, net opening height, and wing-end spread of the pelagic model trawl were 36.73 N, 0.89 m, and 0.86 m, respectively, and the swept area was 0.76？m2. Bottom trawl speed and door spread were 30.43 N, 0.38 m, and 0.45 m, respectively, and the swept area was 0.25？m2. The maximum difference between the experimental and analytical results of hydrodynamic performances was less than 56.22% and 41.45%, respectively, for pelagic and bottom trawls, the results of the geometrical performances obtained using predicted equations were close to the experimental results in the flume tank with a maximum relative error less than 12.85%. The newly developed pelagic and bottom trawls had advanced engineering performance for high catch efficiency and selectivity and could be used in commercial fishing operations in Cameroonian waters.
References
[1]
Nyatchouba, N.T.B., Kindong, R. and Xu, L. (2018) Reconstruction of Historical Fisheries Profile of Cameroon. International Journal of Fisheries Science and Research, 2, 1008.
[2]
Allerman, E. and Tilmans, W. (1985) Cosatal Conditions in West Africa: A Review. Ocean and Coastal Management, 19, 199-240.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0964-5691(93)90043-X
[3]
Ssentongo, G. and Njock, J. (1987) Marine Fshery Resources of Cameroon: A Review of Exploited Fish Stocks. CECAF/ ECAF Series 87/44, FAO, Rome.
http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/s4639e/S4639E00.htm#TOC
[4]
Belhabib, D., Hellebrandt, D., Edward, E. and Pauly, D. (2015) Reconstructing Fisheries Catches for Cameroon between 1950 and 2010. Sea around Us, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, 10.
[5]
Nyatchouba, N.T.B., Tang, H., Xu, L., You, X., Hu, F., Njomoue, P.A. and Kindong, R. (2020) Hydrodynamic Performance of Bottom Trawls with Different Materials, Mesh Sizes and Twine Thicknesses. Fisheries Research, 221, Article ID: 105403.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2019.105403
[6]
Nyatchouba, N.T.B., Tang, H., Njomoue, P.A., Xu, L., Hu, F. and You, X. (2020) Comparative Study on the Full-Scale Prediction Performance of Four Trawl Nets Used in the Coastal Bottom Trawl Fishery by Flume Tank Experimental Investigation. Applied Ocean Research, 95, Article ID: 102022.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2019.102022
[7]
Njomoue, P.A., Nyatchouba Nsangue, B.T., Ngatcha, N.A., N’Souvi, K., et al. (2020) Predictive Models for Codend Size Selectivity for the Arioma Bondi Silver-Rag Driftfish (Ariommatidae) in the Cameroonian Bottom Trawl Fisheries: Effects of Mesh Size on the Size Selection. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research, 5, 13-22.
[8]
Lee, J., Lee, C.-W., Songho, P., Jieun, K., Subong, P. and Taeho, K. (2018) Development of a Low-Energy Midwater Trawl with Different Combinations of Trawl Nets and Trawl Doors through Model Experiments. Fisheries Science, 84, 323-334.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12562-017-1158-1
[9]
Nyatchouba Nsangue, B.T., Tang, H., Xu, L. and Hu, F. (2019) Effect of Mesh Size, Twine Material and Trawl Gear Accessories on the Bottom Trawls Hydrodynamic Performance. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research, 4, 1-9.
[10]
Sterling, D. and Balash, C. (2017) Engineering and Catching Performance of Five Netting Materials in Commercial Prawn-Trawl Systems. Fisheries Research, 193, 17-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2017.04.014
[11]
Hu, F., Matuda, K., Tadashi, T. and Haruyuki, K. (1995) Dynamic Analysis of Midwater Trawl System by a Two-Dimensional Lumped Mass Method. Fisheries Science, 61, 229-233. https://doi.org/10.2331/fishsci.61.229
[12]
Feng, C., Liu, J., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, X., Zhou, A., Wang, L. and Wang, L. (2017) Structure Improvement Design and Performance Experiment of Antarctic Krill Trawl Net. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 33, 75-81. (In Chinese with English Abstract)
[13]
Wan, R., Jia, M., Guan, Q., Huang, L., Cheng, H., Zhao, F., He, P. and Hu, F. (2019) Hydrodynamic Performance of a Newly-Designed Antarctic Krill Trawl Using Numerical Simulation and Physical Modeling Methods. Ocean Engineering, 179, 173- 179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2019.03.022
[14]
Winger, P.D., DeLouche, H. and Legge, G. (2006) Designing and Testing New Fishing Gears: The Value of a Flume Tank. Marine Technology Society Journal, 40, 44-49. https://doi.org/10.4031/002533206787353240
[15]
Nyatchouba, N.T.B., Tang, H., Achille, N.P., Xu, L. and Hu, F. (2022) Unsteady Turbulent Flow Developing Inside and around Different Parts of Fluttering Trawl Net in Flume Tank. Journal of Fluids and Structures, 108, Article ID: 103451.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2021.103451
[16]
Hu, F., Matuda, K. and Tokai, T. (2001) Effects of Drag Coefficient of Netting for Dynamic Similarity on Model Testing of Trawl Nets. Fisheries science, 67, 84-89.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1444-2906.2001.00203.x
[17]
Xu, L.X. (2004) Fishing Gear Theory and Design. China Agriculture Press, Beijing. (In Chinese)
[18]
Fridman, A.L. (1986) Calculations for Fishing Gear Designs. Arrangement with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations by Fishing News, Farnham.
[19]
Reid, J.A. (1977) A Net Drag Formula for Pelagic Nets. Scottish Fisheries Research. Report No. 7.
[20]
MacLennan, D. (1981) The Drag of Four-Panel Demersal Trawls. Fisheries Research, 1, 23-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-7836(81)90004-7
[21]
Zhou, Y.Q. and Jiang, Z.Z. (1982) Study on Drag Characteristics of Trawl Nets and a Method for the Calculation Trawl Net Drag. Selected Papers Presented to the Marine fishing Academic Seminar. Chinese Society of Fisheries, Beijing, 82-92.
[22]
Koyama, et al. (2008) Drag and Sheer of the Suberkrub Type of Trawl Boards. Bulletin of the National Research Institute of Fisheries Engineering, 2, 95-103.
Priour, D. (2009) Numerical Optimization of Trawls Design to Improve Their Energy Efficiency. Fisheries Research, 98, 40-50.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2009.03.015
[25]
Tang, H., Nsangue, B.T.N., Pandong, A.N., He, P., Liuxiong, X. and Hu, F. (2022) Flume Tank Evaluation on the Effect of Liners on the Physical Performance of the Antarctic Krill Trawl. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, Article 829615.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.829615
[26]
Khaled, R., Priour, D. and Billard, J.Y. (2013) Cable Length Optimization for Trawl Fuel Consumption Reduction. Ocean Engineering, 58, 167-179.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2012.10.001
[27]
Feng, C.L., Huang, H.L., Zhou, A.Z., Zhang, X., Liu, J., Xu, G.D. and Chen, X.Z. (2012) Performance Optimization of a Trawl for Antarctic Krill. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 19, 662-670. (In Chinese with English Abstract).
[28]
Druault, P. and Germain, G. (2016) Analysis of Hydrodynamics of a Moving Trawl Codend and Its Fluttering Motions in Flume Tank. European Journal of Mechanics—B/Fluids, 60, 219-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euromechflu.2016.06.010
[29]
Nguyen, T.X., Winger, P.D., Orr, D., Legge, G., DeLouche, H. and Gardner, A. (2015) Computer Simulation and Flume Tank Testing of Scale Engineering Models: How Well Do These Techniques Predict Full-Scale At-Sea Performance of Bottom Trawls? Fisheries Research, 161, 217-225.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2014.08.007%
