Highly efficient silver halide nanoparticles (AgX, X = Cl, Br NP’s) were successfully synthesized by facile and template-free direct-precipitation method using potassium chloride, potassium bromide and silver nitrate as reactive sources. The as-prepared AgX NP’s were characterized by FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis, XRD, EDX and HRTEM. The antimicrobial susceptibilities against two Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus) and four Gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, P. aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae) in addition to five fungi (Aspergillus flavus, A. carbonarus, Penicillium verrucosum, Fusarium verticelloides and A. niger) were tested by the disk diffusion technique. The antibacterial and antifungal results suggest that the prepared AgX NP’s show high activity against the tested organisms compared to tetracycline and Nystatin taken as standard drugs. As an application, the use of the prepared AgX NP’s as photo catalyst for the decontamination of malathion as VX chemical warfare agent (CWA) stimulant from water sample was extensively studied.
References
[1]
Tadaaki, T. (2012) Physical Properties of Silver Halides’, Photographic Science: Advances in Nanoparticles, J-Aggregates, Dye Sensitization, and Organic Devices. Oxford Academic, Oxford.
[2]
Iravani, S., Korbekandi, H., Mirmohammadi, S.V. and Zolfaghari, B. (2014) Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Chemical, Physical and Biological Methods. Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 9, 385-406.
[3]
Firli, R.P.D., Vuanghao, L., Aliyatur, R., Fatimah, F. and Ummi, Z. (2023) Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) Synthesized from Piper Ornatum Leaf Extract and Its Activity against Food Borne Pathogen Staphylococcus Aureus. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 23, 1742-1748.
[4]
Zhang, L. and Zhang, H. (2022) Silver Halide-Based Nanomaterials in Biomedical Applications and Biosensing Diagnostics. Nanoscale Research Letters, 17, Article No. 114. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-022-03752-x
[5]
Dostanic, J., Loncarevic, D., Đorđević, V., Ahrenkiel, S. and Phillip, N. (2016) The Photocatalytic Performance of Silver Halides—Silver Carbonate Heterostructures. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 336, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.12.019
[6]
Tate, E. and Johnston, J. (2014) Photocatalytic Silver/Silver Halide Polymer Nanocomposites. Nanomaterials and Energy, 3, 222-228. https://doi.org/10.1680/nme.14.00023
[7]
Prachi, T., Pankaj, R., Pardeep, S., Abhinandan, K., Aftab, A.P.K. and Abdullah, M.A. (2022) Exploring Recent Advances in Silver Halides and Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Bbased Photocatalyst for Energy and Environmental Applications. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 13, 8271-8300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.04.026
[8]
Ganguli, A.K., Kunde, G.B., Raza, W., Kumar, S. and Yadav, P. (2022) Assessment of Performance of Photocatalytic Nanostructured Materials with Varied Morphology Based on Reaction Conditions. Molecules, 27, Article 7778. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27227778
[9]
Pongsaton, A., Sumetha, S. and Chamnan, R. (2019) Photocatalytic Dye Decolorization under Light-Emitting-Diode Irradiation by Silver Halides Prepared from Hydrohalic Acids. Materials Research Express, 6, Article ID: 115524. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab4a56
[10]
Polo, A.M.S., Lopez-Peñalver, J.J., Sánchez-Polo, M., Rivera-Utrilla, J., López-Ramón, M.V. and Rozalén, M. (2020) Halide Removal from Water Using Silver Doped Magnetic-Microparticles. Journal of Environmental Management, 253, 109731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109731
[11]
Han-Jung, R., Won, K.L., Jong, Y.C. and Jae-Seung, L. (2022) Silver Halide-Induced Catalyst Poisoning of Ag-M Bimetallic Nanoparticles (biNPs) and Their Chemical Regeneration. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 899, Article ID: 163260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.163260
[12]
Awazu, K., Fujimaki, M., Rockstuhl, C., Tominaga, J., Murakami, H., Ohki, Y., et al. (2008) A Plasmonic Photocatalyst Consisting of Silver Nanoparticles Embedded in Titanium Dioxide. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 130, 1676-1680. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja076503n
[13]
Sarina, S., Waclawik, E.R. and Zhu, H. (2013) Photocatalysis on Supported Gold and Silver Nanoparticles under Ultraviolet and Visible Light Irradiation. Green Chemistry, 15, 1814-1833. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3gc40450a
[14]
Khatoon, N., Mazumder, J.A. and Sardar, M. (2017) Biotechnological Applications of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles. Journal of Nanoscience: Current Research, 2, Article ID: 1000107. https://doi.org/10.4172/2572-0813.1000107
[15]
Sheikh, F.A., Barakat, N.A., Kanjwal, M.A., Jeon, S.H., Kang, H.S. and Kim, H.Y. (2010) Self Synthesize of Silver Nanoparticles in/on Polyurethane Nanofbers: Nano-Biotechnological Approach. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 115, 3189-3198. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.31418
[16]
Yang, L., Kim, T.H., Cho, H.Y., Luo, J., Lee, J.M., Chueng, S.T.D., et al. (2020) Hybrid Graphene-Gold Nanoparticle-Based Nucleic Acid Conjugates for Cancerspecifc Multimodal Imaging and Combined Therapeutics. Advanced Functional Materials, 31, Article ID: 2006918. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202006918
[17]
Grzelczak, M. and Liz-Marzan, L.M. (2014) The Relevance of Light in the Formation of Colloidal Metal Nanoparticles. Chemical Society Reviews, 43, 2089-2097. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3CS60256G
[18]
Joo, H.K., Jin, A.S., Jung, T.P. and Jong, H.K. (2009) Synthesis and Characterization of AgBr Nanocomposites by Templated Amphiphilic Comb Polymer. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 338, 486-490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2009.07.010
[19]
Islam, M.I., Moustafa, E.M. and Mohamed, R.A. (2016) Effect of Organic Acids Precursors on the Morphology and Size of ZrO2 Nanoparticles for Photocatalytic Degradation of Orange G dye from Aqueous Solutions. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 223,741-748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2016.08.113
[20]
Moustafa, I.M.I., Saleh, I.A. and Abdelhamid, M.R. (2017) Synthesis of MgO Nanoparticles from Different Organic Precursors; Catalytic Decontamination of Organic Pollutants and Antitumor Activity. Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering, 6, Article ID: 1000359. https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.1000359
[21]
Islam, M.I.M. and Mohamed, R.A. (2018) Synthesis of MgO-ZrO2 Mixed Nanoparticles via Different Precursors: Identification of Their Destructive Action for Organic Pollutants. Chemical Engineering & Process Technology Journal, 9, Article ID: 1000372.
[22]
Alaa, S.A., Islam, M.I.M. and Saleh, D.S.H. (2019) Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using the Extract of Mango Leaves: Biological and Cytotoxic Effects. Current Topics in Biotecnology, 10, 15-22.
[23]
Islam, M.I., Moustafa, E.M.M. and Mona, M.A. (2019), Photocatalytic Removal of Organic Pollutants from Industrial Wastewater Using MnO, NiO and Mixed MnO-NiO NP’s as Catalyst. International Journal of Nanotechnology in Medicine & Engineering, 4, 46-55.
[24]
Moustafa, I.M.I., El-Sayed, M.M. and Mahfouz, H.S. (2021) Superparamagnetic Nano α-Fe2O3 and TiO2 as Photocatalysts and Adsorbents in Wastewater Treatment; Evaluation of Photocatalytic Activity and Biological Response. International Journal of Nanotechnology in Medicine & Engineering, 5, 1-9.
[25]
Nassar, M.Y., NourEldien, M.S., Ibrahim, I.M. and Aly, H.M. (2023) A Facile Hydrothermal Synthesis of S-VO2-Cellulose Nanocomposite for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye. Processes, 11, Article 1322. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11051322
[26]
Baue,r A.W., Kirb, W.M., Sherris, J.C. and Turck, M. (1966) Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing by a Standardized Single Disk Method. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 45, 493-496. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/45.4_ts.493
[27]
Moustafa, I.M.I., Megahed, H.E. and El-Baddally, S.A. (2018) Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activity of Some Mixed-Ligands Vital Metal Complexes of Levofloxacin as Potential Medical Agents. Advance Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Discoveries, 29, 21-31.
[28]
Chang-Sam, K., Dond-Hun, Y., Sung-Woon, J., Hyok-Bo, K. and Sang-Hwan, P. (2010) Title. Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology, 20, 283-288.
[29]
Padmavathy, N. and Vijayaraghavan, R. (2011) Interaction of ZnO Nanoparticles with Microbes, a Physio and Biochemical Assay. Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology, 7, 813-822. https://doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2011.1343
[30]
Shrivastava, S., Bera, T., Roy, A. and Dash, D. (2007) Retracted: Characterization of Enhanced Antibacterial Effects of Novel Silver Nanoparticles. Nanotechnology, 18, Article ID: 225103. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/18/22/225103
[31]
EL-Saeid, M.H., BaQais, A. and Alshabanat, M. (2022) Study of the Photocatalytic Degradation of Highly Abundant Pesticides in Agricultural Soils. Molecules, 27, Article 634. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27030634
[32]
Petersen, A., Jensen, B.H., Andersen, J.H., Poulsen, M.E., Christensen, T. and Nielsen, E. (2013) Pesticide Residues, Results from the Period 2004-2011. DTU Fødevareinstituttet, Søborg.
[33]
Nasseri, S., Omidvar Borna, M., Esrafili, A., et al. (2018) Photocatalytic Degradation of Malathion Using Zn2+-Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles: Statistical Analysis and Optimization of Operating Parameters. Applied Physics A, 124, Article No. 175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-018-1599-0
[34]
Huang, S., Xu, Y., Xie, M., Ma, Y., Yan, J., Li, Y., et al. (2018) Multifunctional C-Doped CoFe2O4 Material as Cocatalyst to Promote Reactive Oxygen Species Generation over Magnetic Recyclable C-CoFe/Ag-AgX Photocatalysts. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 6, 11968-11978. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b02279
[35]
Liu, Y., Zen, X., Hu, X., Xia, Y. and Zhang, X. (2021) Solar-Driven Photocatalytic Disinfection over 2D Semiconductors: the Generation and Effects of Reactive Oxygen Species. Solar RRL, 5, Article ID: 2000594. https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202000594
