Phytochemical Analysis of Selected Medicinal Plants Used in Management of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders in Goma City, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Background: Latex of Euphorbiaabyssinica (J. F. Gmel) (EA) and leaves
of Cleomegynandra L.(CG), Conyzasymatrensis (Retz) E. Walker (CS) and Emiliacoccinea (Sims) G. Don (EC) are medicinal plant materials (MPMs)
commonly used in treatment of mental illnesses (MIs) in folk medicine of Goma
city, in Democratic Republic of the Congo
(DRC). However, there is still limited information on phytochemical contents of
these MPMs. Objective: To screen phytochemicals of the commonly used
MPMs and to determine total contents of those with reported anxiolytic and
anti-depressive activities. Methods: Phytochemical analysis involving
both qualitative and quantitative aspects was carried out in Goma city in DRC
and at Makerere University in Uganda from February to June 2022. Medicinal
plant materials were extracted by methanol 90%, diethyl ether and water for
eight hours replicated three times. Various qualitative tests were used in
phytochemicals screening using Throth, Dragendroff, Borntrager, Salkowski,
Nitric Acid, Ferric Chloride, Translucent Spot, for detecting saponins,
alkaloids, carbohydrates, phytosterols, amino-acid, phenols and fatty acid
respectively. Total contents of phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids and phytosteroids
were determined using Folin Ciocalteau, aluminium chloride, bromocresol
green-complex assay, Liberman-Burchard methods respectively. Results:
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