Introduction: Little is known about the feasibility and effectiveness of rehabilitative treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in individuals with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). We describe a patient with SLE complicated by PML and ameliorated by comprehensive rehabilitation. We also review the epidemiology, pathology, imaging characteristics, and treatment of PML. Patient Concerns: We found a patient with SLE with PML improved by multidisciplinary rehabilitation techniques. Diagnoses, Interventions, and Outcomes: We diagnosed a PML with a 13-year history of SLE and lupus nephritis after longtime immunosuppressive therapy. The patient underwent a comprehensive, multifaceted rehabilitation program, including drug therapy, integrated physical therapy, occupational therapy, acupuncture, music therapy, computer-aided cognitive rehabilitation training, and behavioral management training. This rehabilitation program improved her motor function and activities of daily living. Conclusions: Her condition improved in the short term through comprehensive rehabilitation, including physical, speech, and cognitive therapy. Therefore, we recommend comprehensive rehabilitation to improve the function and activities of daily living in patients with PML.
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