The purpose of this paper is to present the technique for registration of the Seated Condylar Position (SCP)/Centric Relation (CR) position of the condyles: a two-piece wax bite registration with deprogramming and no mandibular manipulation.
References
[1]
Calagna, L.S., Silverman, S.I. and Garfinkel, L. (1973) Influence of Neuromuscular Conditioning on Centric Registrations. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 30, 598-604.
[2]
Ramfjord, S.P. (1961) Bruxism, a Clinical and EMG Study. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 62, 21-44. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1961.0002
[3]
Girardot, R.A. (1987) The Nature of Condylar Displacement in Patients with TM Pain-Dysfunction. Orthod Review, 1, 16-23.
[4]
Clayton, J.A. (1976) A Pantographic Reproducibility Index (PRI) for Detection of TMJ Dysfunction. Journal of Dental Research, 55, 161.
[5]
Beard, C.C. and Clayton, J.A. (1980) Effects of Occlusal Splint Therapy on TMJ Dysfunction. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 44, 324-335. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(80)90021-9
[6]
Solberg, W.K., Clark, G.T. and Rugh, J.D. (1975) Nocturnal EMG Evaluation of Bruxism Patients Undergoing Short Term Splint Therapy. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 2, 215-223. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1975.tb00915.x
[7]
Howat, A.P., Capp, N.J. and Barrett, N.V.J. (1991) A Color Atlas of Occlusion and Malocclusion. CV Mosby, St. Louis.
[8]
Huffman, R.W. and Regenos, J.W. (1978) Principles of Occlusion. Hand R Press, Columbus.
[9]
Slavicek, R.J. (1988) Clinical and Instrumental Functional Analysis for Diagnosis and Treatment Planning, Part IV: Instrumental Analysis of Mandibular Casts Using the Mandibular Position Indicator. Journal of Clinical Orthodontics, 22, 566-575.
[10]
Roth, R.H. (1976) The Maintenance System and Occlusal Dynamics. Dental Clinics of North America, 20, 761-788. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0011-8532(22)00917-X
[11]
Wahlund, K., List, T. and Larsson, B. (2003) Treatment of Temporomandibular Disorders among Adolescents: A Comparison between Occlusal Appliance, Relaxation Training, and Brief Information. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 61, 203-211. https://doi.org/10.1080/00016350310003891
[12]
Capp, N.J. and Clayton, J.A. (1985) A Technic for Evaluation of Centric Relation Tooth Contacts: Part II: Following Use of an Occlusal Splint for Treatment of TMJ Dysfunction. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 54, 697-705. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(85)90254-9
[13]
Koveleski, W.C. and DeBoever, J. (1975) Influence of Occlusal Splints on Jaw Position and Musculature in Patients with TMJ Dysfunction. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 33, 321-327. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3913(75)80090-4
[14]
Williamson, E.H., Evans, D.L., Barton, W.A. and Williams, B.H. (1977) The Effect of Biteplane Use on Terminal Hinge Axis Location. The Angle Orthodontist, 47, 25-33.
[15]
Karl, P.J. and Foley, T.F. (1999) The Use of a Deprogramming Appliance to Obtain Centric Relation Records. The Angle Orthodontist, 69, 117-125.
[16]
Dawson, P.E. (1996) A Classification System for Occlusions that Relates Maximal Intercuspation to the Position and Condition of the TM Joints. JPD, 75, 60-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3913(96)90419-9
[17]
Lundeen, H. (1972) Centric Relation Records—The Effects of Muscle Action. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 31, 244-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(74)90191-7
[18]
Lucia, V.O. (1983) Modern Gnathological Concepts-Updated. Quintessence Publishing, Chicago, 39-53.
[19]
Throckmorton, G.S., Groshan, G.J. and Boyd, S.B. (1990) Muscle Activity Patterns and Control of TMJ Loads. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 63, 685-695. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(90)90327-9
[20]
Lucia, V.O. (1964) A Technique for Recording Centric Relation. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 14, 492-505. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3913(64)80017-2
[21]
Long, J.H. (1973) Locating Centric Relation with a Leaf Gauge. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 29, 608-610. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(73)90267-9
[22]
Kantor, M.E., Silverman, S.I. and Garfinkel, L. (1972) Centric Relation Recording Techniques: Comparative Investigation. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 28, 593-600. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(72)90107-2
[23]
Fenlon, M.R. and Woeffel, J.B. (1993) Condylar Position Recorded Using Leaf Gauges and Specific Closure Forces. The International Journal of Prosthodontics, 6, 402-408.
[24]
Greco, P.M. and Vanarsdall, R.L. (1999) An Evaluation of Anterior Temporalis and Masseter Muscle Activity in Appliance Therapy. The Angle Orthodontist, 69, 141-146.
[25]
Ash, M.M. (1986) Current Concepts in the Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of TMJ and Muscle Dysfunction. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 13, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1986.tb01551.x
[26]
Crispin, B.J., Myers, G.E. and Clayton, J.A. (1978) Effect of Occlusal Therapy on Pantographic Reproducibility of Mandibular Border Movements. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 40, 29-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(78)90154-3
[27]
Williamson, E.H. and Lundquist, D.O. (1983) Anterior Guidance: Its Effect on EMG Activity of the Temporal and Masseter Muscles. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 49, 816-823. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(83)90356-6
[28]
Wahlund, K. and List, T. (2003) Treatment of TM Disorders among Adolescents: A Comparison between Occlusal Appliance, Relaxation Training, and Brief Information. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 61, 203-211. https://doi.org/10.1080/00016350310003891
[29]
Okeson, J.P. (1993) Management of TM Disorders and Occlusion. 3rd Edition, CV Mosby, St. Louis, 113, 453-458.
[30]
Hannam, A.D., et al. (1977) The Relationship between Dental Occlusion, Muscle Activity, and Associated Jaw Movement in Man. Archives of Oral Biology, 22, 25-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9969(77)90135-2
[31]
Pousselt, V. (1968) Physiology of Occlusion and Rehabilitation. 2nd Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
[32]
Crawford, S.D. (1999) The Relationship between Condylar Axis Position as Determined by the Occlusion and Measured by the CPI Instrument and Signs and Symptoms of TM Joint Dysfunction. The Angle Orthodontist, 69, 103-115.
[33]
Hoffman, P.J., Silverman, S.I. and Garfinkel, L. (1973) Comparison of Condylar Position in Centric Relation and in Centric Occlusion in Dentulous Patients. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 30, 582-588.
[34]
Rosner, D. (1982) Hinge Axis Translation from Retruded Contact Position to Intercuspal Position in Dentulous Subjects in Treatment. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 48, 713-718. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3913(82)80035-8
[35]
Rosner, D. and Goldberg, G.F. (1986) Condylar Retruded Contact Position and Intercuspal Position and Correlation in Dentulous Patients. Part 1: Three Dimensional Analysis of Condylar Registrations. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 56, 230-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(86)90481-6
[36]
Girardot, R.A. (2001) Comparison of Condylar Position in Hyperdivergent and Hypodivergent Facial Skeletal Types. The Angle Orthodontist, 71, 240-246.
[37]
Wood, D.P., Floreani, K.J., Galil, K.A. and Teteruk, W.R. (1994) The Effect of Incisal Bite Force on Condylar Seating. The Angle Orthodontist, 64, 53-61.
[38]
Utt, T.W., Meyers, C.E., Wierzba, T.F. and Hondrum, S.O. (1995) A Three-Dimensional Comparison of Condylar Position Changes between Centric Relation and Centric Occlusion Using the Mandibular Position Indicator. American Journal of Orthodontics, 107, 298-308. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(95)70146-X
[39]
Esmay, T.R. (1995) The Relationship of Condylar Position Changes between Centric Relation and Maximum Intercuspation in Orthodontic Treated and Non-Orthodontic Treated Individuals. Master’s Thesis, New York University, New York.
[40]
Hidaka, O., Adachi, S. and Takada, K. (2002) The Difference in Condylar Position between Centric Relation and Centric Occlusion in Pretreatment Japanese Orthodontic Patients. The Angle Orthodontist, 72, 295-301.
[41]
Williamson, E.H. (1978) Laminagraphic Study of Mandibular Condyle Position When Recording Centric Relation. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 39, 561-564. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3913(78)80194-2
[42]
Williamson, E.H., Steinke, R.M., Morse, P.K. and Swift, T.R. (1980) Centric Relation: A Comparison of Muscle-Determined Position and Operator Guidance. American Journal of Orthodontics, 77, 133-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(80)90002-0
[43]
Alexander, S.R., Moore, R.N. and Dubois, L.M. (1993) Mandibular Condyle Position: Comparison of Articulator Mountings and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. American Journal of Orthodontics, 104, 230-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(05)81724-X
[44]
Cordray, F.E. (2006) Three Dimensional Analysis of Models Articulatd in the Seated Condylar Position from a Deprogrammed Asymptomatic Population: A Prospective Study. Part I. AJO-DO, 129, 619-630. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2004.10.015
[45]
Cordray, F.E. (2016) Articulated Dental Cast Analysis of Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Populations. International Journal of Oral Science, 8, 126-132. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijos.2015.44
[46]
Clark, G.T. (1984) A Critical Evaluation of Orthopedic Interocclusal Appliance Therapy: Design, Theory, and Overall Effectiveness. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 108, 359-364. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1984.0010
[47]
Clark, G.T. (1984) A Critical Evaluation of Orthopedic Appliance Therapy: Effectiveness for Specific Symptoms. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 108, 364-368. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1984.0002
[48]
Greene, C.S. and Laskin, D.M. (1972) Splint Therapy for the MPD Syndrome: A Comparative Study. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 84, 624-628. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1972.0090
[49]
Okeson, J.P., Kemper, J.T. and Moody, P.M. (1982) A Study of the Use of Occlusal Splints in the Treatment of Acute and Chronic Patients with Craniomandibular Disorders. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 48, 708-712. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3913(82)80034-6
[50]
Kemper, J.T. and Okeson, J.P. (1983) Craniomandibular Disorders and Headaches. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 49, 702-705. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(83)90400-6
[51]
Lucia, V.O. (1983) Modern Gnathological Concepts-Updated. Quintessence Publishing, Chicago, 39-53.
[52]
Lucia, V.O. (1964) A Technique for Recording Centric Relation. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 14, 492-505. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3913(64)80017-2
[53]
Ikeda, K. (2014) TMJ 1st Orthodontics. Topnotch Kikaku Ltd., Tokyo.
[54]
Ikeda, K. (2021) Face Design and Orthodontics. Topnotch Kikaku Ltd., Tokyo.
Heloe, B. and Heloe, L.A. (1975) Characteristics of a Group of Patients with TM Disorders. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 3, 72-79. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1975.tb00284.x
[57]
Shildkraut, M., Wood, D.P. and Hunter, W.S. (1994) The CR-CO Discrepancy and Its Effect on Cephalometric Measurements. The Angle Orthodontist, 64, 333-342.
[58]
Ingervall, B. (1972) Tooth Contacts on the Functional and Non-Functional Side in Children and Young Adults. Archives of Oral Biology, 17, 191-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9969(72)90147-1
[59]
Agerberg, G. and Sandstrom, R. (1988) Frequency of Occlusal Interferences: A Clinical Study in Teenagers and Young Adults. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 59, 212-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(88)90017-0
[60]
deLaat, A. and Van Steenberghe, D. (1985) Occlusal Relationships and TM Joint Dysfunction Part I: Epidemiological Findings. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 54, 835-842. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(85)90483-4
[61]
Lerman, M.D. (2011) The Muscle Engram: The Reflex That Limits Conventional Occlusal Treatment. Cranio, 29, 297-303. https://doi.org/10.1179/crn.2011.044
[62]
Roth, R.H. (1973) TM Pain-Dysfunction and Occlusal Relationships. The Angle Orthodontist, 43, 136-153.
[63]
Roth, R.H. (1981) Functional Occlusion for the Orthodontist Part I. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 15, 32-40.
[64]
Roth, R.H. (1981) Functional Occlusion for the Orthodontist Part 2. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 15, 100-123.
[65]
McMillen, L.B. (1972) Border Movements of the Human Mandible. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 27, 524-532. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(72)90265-X
[66]
Johnston, L.E. and Huffman, R.W. (1988) Gnathologic Assessment of Centric Slides in Post-Retention Orthodontic Patients. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 60, 712-715. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(88)90405-2
[67]
Teo, C.S. and Wise, M.D. (1981) Comparison of Retruded Axis Articular Mountings with and without Applied Muscular Force. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 8, 363-376. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1981.tb00510.x
Weffort, S.Y.K. and Fantini, S.M. (2010) Condylar Displacement between Centric Relation and Maximum Intercuspation in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Individuals. The Angle Orthodontist, 80, 835-842. https://doi.org/10.2319/090909-510.1
[70]
He, S.S., Deng, X., Wamalwa, P. and Chen, S. (2010) Correlation between Centric Relation-Maximum Intercuspation Discrepancy and Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 68, 368-376. https://doi.org/10.3109/00016357.2010.517552
[71]
Padala, S., Padmanabhan, S. and Chithranjan, A.B. (2012) Comparative Evaluation of Condylar Position in Symptomatic (TMJ Dysfunction) and Asymptomatic Individuals. Indian Journal of Dental Research, 23, 122-127. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-9290.99060
[72]
Ikeda, K. and Kawamura, A. (2011) Assessment of Optimal Condylar Position with Limited Cone-Beam Computerized Tomography. Journal of Prosthodontics, 20, 432-438. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-849X.2011.00730.x
[73]
Ikeda, K. and Kawamura, A. (2009) Assessment of Optimal Condylar Position with Limited Cone-Beam Computerized Tomography. AJO-DO, 135, 495-501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.05.021