观察与思考变迁中的彝族传统建筑构造与环境适应性——以新平县磨皮村土掌房为例
Observing and Thinking about the Changing Yi Nationality’s Traditional Building Structure and Environmental Adaptability—Taking Tuzhangfang, Mopi Village, Xinping County as an Example

云南是中国的少数民族聚居地之一，少数民族文化丰富多彩，各民族的建筑特色别具一格。但在社会迅速发展的今天，城市化进程的加快、科学技术的发展冲击着少数民族的特色民居。本文在文献分析的基础上，实地调研了新平县磨皮村彝族土掌房，通过观察土掌房的选址、建筑布局、建筑细部及建筑材料，思考土掌房的建筑构造与环境适应性关系，并从土掌房现代变迁的影响因素着手，探讨土掌房的保护措施与传承。研究表明土掌房在选址、建筑布局和建筑细部上顺应山地环境、因地制宜、融入自然气候、节约土地资源、充分利用灵活的建筑空间，并就地取材，采用经济环保的建筑材料，具有较为突出的生态优势，对于发展现代生态建筑具有一定的借鉴价值。
Yunnan is one of the ethnic minority settlements in China. The ethnic minority cultures are rich and colorful, and the architectural features of each ethnic group are unique. However, with the rapid development of society today, the acceleration of urbanization and the development of science and technology have impacted the characteristic dwellings of ethnic minorities. On the basis of literature analysis, this paper investigates the Tuzhang House of the Yi nationality in Mopi Village, Xinping County. By observing the site selection, architectural layout, architectural details and build-ing materials of the Tuzhangfang, the relationship of the architectural structure and environmental adaptability of the Tuzhangfang is considered. And starting from the influencing factors of the modern change of Tuzhangfang, we discuss the protection measures and inheritance of Tuzhangfang. The research shows that Tuzhangfang conforms to the mountainous environment in terms of site selection, architectural layout and architectural details, adapts measures to local conditions, integrates into the natural climate, saves land resources, makes full use of flexible building space, and uses local materials, using economical and environmentally friendly building materials. The outstanding ecological advantages have a certain reference value for the develop-ment of modern ecological buildings.