In this paper, the zero voltage switching (ZVS) region of a dual active bridge (DAB) converter with wide band-gap (WBG) power semiconductor device is analyzed. The ZVS region of a DAB converter varies depending on output power and voltage ratio. The DAB converters operate with hard switching at light loads, it is difficult to achieve high efficiency. Fortunately, WBG power semiconductor devices have excellent hard switching characteristics and can increase efficiency compared to silicon (Si) devices. In particular, WBG devices can achieve ZVS at low load currents due to their low parasitic output capacitance (Co,tr) characteristics. Therefore, in this paper, the ZVS operating resion is analyzed based on the characteristics of Si, silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN). Power semiconductor devices. WBG devices with low Co,tr operate at ZVS at lower load currents compared to Si devices. To verify this, experiments are conducted and the results are analyzed using a 3 kW DAB converter. For Si devices, ZVS is achieved above 1.4 kW. For WBG devices, ZVS is achieved at 700 W. Due to the ZVS conditions depending on the switching device, the DAB converter using Si devices achieves a power conversion efficiency of 91% at 1.1 kW output. On the other hand, in the case of WBG devices, power conversion efficiency of more than 98% is achieved under 11 kW conditions. In conclusion, it is confirmed that the WBG device operates in ZVS at a lower load compared to the Si device, which is advantageous in increasing light load efficiency.
References
[1]
Tushar, M.H.K., Zeineddine, A.W. and Assi, C. (2018) Demand-Side Management by Regulating Charging and Discharging of the EV, ESS, and Utilizing Renewable Energy. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 14, 117-126. http://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2017.2755465
[2]
Lotfi, H. and Khodaei, A. (2017) AC versus DC Microgrid Planning. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 8, 296-304. https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2015.2457910
[3]
Xu, Q., Vafamand, N., Chen, L., Dragicevic, T., Xie, L. and Blaabjerg, F. (2021) Review on Advanced Control Technologies for Bidirectional DC/DC Converters in DC Microgrids. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 9, 1205-1221. https://doi.org/10.1109/jestpe.2020.2978064
[4]
Hill, C.A., Such, M.C., Chen, D., Gonzalez, J. and Grady, W.M. (2012) Battery Energy Storage for Enabling Integration of Distributed Solar Power Generation. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 3, 850-857. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2012.2190113
[5]
Yuan, J., Dorn Gomba, L., Callegaro, A.D., Reimers, J. and Emadi, A. (2021) A Review of Bidirectional On Board Chargers for Electric Vehicles. IEEE Access, 9, 51501-51518. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3069448
[6]
Siebke, K. and Mallwitz, R. (2020) Comparison of a Dual Active Bridge and CLLC Converter for On Board Vehicle Chargers Using GaN and Time Domain Modeling Method. 2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Detroit, 11-15 October 2020, 1210-1216. https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE44975.2020.9236260
[7]
Assadi, S.A., Matsumoto, H., Moshirvaziri, M., Nasr, M., Zaman, M.S. and Trescases, O. (2020) Active Saturation Mitigation in High Density Dual Active Bridge DCDC Converter for on Board EV Charger Applications. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 35, 4376-4387. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2019.2939301
[8]
Wang, H., Yan, K., Ling, Z., et al. (2017) Switching Strategy for Isolated Dual Active-Bridge Converter. IET Power Electron, 10, 29-37. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2015.0916
[9]
Corradini, L., Seltzer, D., Bloomquist, D., et al. (2014) Zero Voltage Switching Technique for Bidirectional dc/dc Converters. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 29, 1585-1594. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2013.2265019
[10]
Millan, J. (2014) Survey of Wide Bandgap Power Semiconductor Devices. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 29, 2155-2163. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2013.2268900
[11]
Dung, N.A., Chiu, H.J., Lin, J.Y., Hsieh, Y.C. and Liu, Y.C. (2018) Efficiency Optimisation of ZVS Isolated Bidirectional DAB Converters. IET Power Electronics, 11, 1499-1506. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2017.0723
[12]
Oggier, G., García, G.O. and Oliva, A.R. (2011) Modulation Strategy to Operate the Dual Active Bridge DC-DC Converter under Soft Switching in the Whole Operating Range. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 26, 1228-1236. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2010.2072966
[13]
Xu, G., Sha, D., Xu, Y. and Liao, X. (2018) Dual-Transformer-Based DAB Converter with Wide ZVS Range for Wide Voltage Conversion Gain Application. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 65, 3306-3316. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2017.2756601
[14]
Mishra, U.K., Shen, L., Kazior, T.E. and Wu, Y.F. (2008) GaN Based RF Power Devices and Amplifiers. Proceedings of the IEEE, 96, 287-305. https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2007.911060
[15]
Yadlapalli, R.T., Kotapati, A., Kandipati, R., Balusu, S.R. and Koritala, C.S. (2021) Advancements in Energy Efficient GaN Power Devices and Power Modules for Electric Vehicle Applications: A Review. International Journal of Energy Research, 45, 12638-12664. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.6683
[16]
Dimitrijev, S., Han, J., Moghadam, H.A. and Aminbeidokhti, A. (2015) Power Switching Applications beyond Silicon: Status and Future Prospects of SiC and GaN Devices. MRS Bulletin, 40, 399-405. https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2015.89
[17]
Jafari, A., et al. (2020) Comparison of Wide-Band-Gap Technologies for Soft-Switching Losses at High Frequencies. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 35, 12595-12600. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2020.2990628
[18]
He, P. and Khaligh, A. (2017) Comprehensive Analyses and Comparison of 1 KW Isolated DC-DC Converters for Bidirectional EV Charging Systems. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 3, 147-156. https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2016.2630927
[19]
Yilmaz, M. and Krein, P.T. (2013) Review of Battery Charger Topologies, Charging Power Levels, and Infrastructure for Plug-In Electric and Hybrid Vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 28, 2151-2169. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2012.2212917
[20]
Choi, H.J. and Jung, J.H. (2016) Practical Design of Dual Active Bridge Converter as Isolated Bi-Directional Power Interface for Solid State Transformer Applications. Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology, 11, 1265-1273. https://doi.org/10.5370/JEET.2016.11.5.1265
