Lack of detailed data on the dynamics of land use
and land cover (LULC) changes in urban and peri-urban areas is a key problem in
Tanzania, resulting in poor urban development. Most of the decisions made on
land use management have always been reactive, with negative impacts on the livelihoods of people, the environment, ecosystem
services, and biodiversity. The purpose of this study is to identify the spatiotemporal land use and land cover changes in
urban and peri-urban Mwanza City in Tanzania for sustainable urban development. Using QGIS 3.8
Zanzibar, the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TMs) and Operational Land Imager images
were generated. Six land use and land cover types under supervised
classifications were produced. The dynamics of each land use and land cover
type and the direction of change over 20 years (1999-2019)
were determined. The overall accuracy of land use and land cover change maps was 93%, 96%, and 93% for 1999, 2009,
and 2019, respectively. The calculation of the change in each land use and land
cover type was done, and the results show that between 1999 and 2019, built-up
area increased by 350% and grassland, woodland, and bareland decreased by 68%,
56%, and 30%, respectively. The cultivated area showed some ups and downs
during the same time period. Also, in the period between 1999 and 2019, the
wetland area increased by 11%. This was due to an increase in surface runoff
resulting from increased paved surfaces in upstream lands because of the
built-up environment. The findings of this study have shown that the capture of
spatiotemporal data on the dynamics of land use and land cover will enable the
Mwanza City authority to make better-informed decisions for sustainable urban
development.
References
[1]
Bhanjee, S., & Zhang, C. H. (2018). Mapping Latest Patterns of Urban Sprawl in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Papers in Applied Geography, 4, 292-304. https://doi.org/10.1080/23754931.2018.1471413
[2]
Doggart, N., Ruhinduka, R., Meshack, C. K., Ishengoma, R. C., Morgan-Brown, T., Abdallah, J. M., Spracklen, D. V., & Sallu, S. M. (2020). The Influence of Energy Policy on Charcoal Consumption in Urban Households in Tanzania. Energy for Sustainable Development, 57, 200-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2020.06.002
[3]
Feng, B., Zhang, Y., & Bourke, R. (2021). Urbanisation Impacts on Food Risks Based on Urban Growth Data and Coupled Food Models. Natural Hazards, 106, 613-627. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-04480-0
[4]
Hossain, A., & Huggins, R. (2021). The Environmental and Social Impacts of Unplanned and Rapid Industrialisation in Suburban Areas: The Case of the Greater Dhaka Region, Bangladesh. Environmental and Urbanisation ASIA, 12, 73-89. https://doi.org/10.1177/0975425321990319
[5]
Jiménez, A. A., Vilchez, F. F., González, O. N., Susana, M. L., & Flores, M. (2018). Analysis of the Land Use and Cover Changes in the Metropolitan Area of Tepic-Xalisco (1973-2015) through Landsat Images. Sustainability, 10, Article No. 1860. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10061860
[6]
Kaganga, L. S. (2019). Assessment of Impacts of Urbanisation on the Livelihoods of Local Communities in Peri-Urban Mwanza City, Tanzania. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Dar Es Salaam.
[7]
Kaganga, L. S. (2023). The Neglect of Local Residents’ Livelihood Issues in the Urbanising Peri-Urban Mwanza City, Tanzania. Current Urban Studies, 11, 72-95. https://doi.org/10.4236/cus.2023.111005
[8]
Keith, M., Birch, E., Buchoud, N. J. A., Cardama, M., Cobbett, W., Cohen, M., Elmqvist, T., Espey, J., Hajer, M., Hartmann, G., Matsumoto, T., Parnell, S., Revi, A., Roberts, D. C., Saiz, E., Schwanen, T., Seto, K. C., Tuts, R., & van der Pütten, M. (2023). A New Urban Narrative for Sustainable Development. Nature Sustainability, 6, 115-117. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-022-00979-5
[9]
Kitalika, I. J., & Mlengule, D. W. (2021). Assessing 30 Years of Land Use Dynamics in Usangu Catchment, Tanzania. Journal of the Geographical Association of Tanzania, 41, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.56279/jgat.v41i1.4
[10]
Macharia, C. K. (2018). Implications for Conversion of Agricultural Land Use in Peri-Urban Areas of Gotothua Ward, Ruiru Subcounty. A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment for the Requirement of the Degree of MA Planning, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, School of Built Environment, University of Nairobi.
[11]
Mahendra, A., & Seto, K. C. (2019). Upward and Outward Growth: Managing Urban Expansion for More Equitable Cities in the Global South. Working Paper, World Resources Institute. https://www.citiesforall.org
[12]
Mawenda, J., Watanabe, T., & Avtar, R. (2018). An Analysis of Urban Land Use/Land Cover Changes in Blantyre City, Southern Malawi (1994-2018). Sustainability, 12, Article No. 2377. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12062377
[13]
Mnyali, E. T., & Materu, S. F. (2021). Analysis of the Current and Future Land Use/Land Cover Changes in Peri-Urban Areas of Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques. Tanzania Journal of Science, 47, 1622-1636. https://doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v47i5.12
[14]
Muchelo, R. O. (2018). Urban Expansion and Loss of Prime Agricultural Land in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Challenge to Soil Conservation and Food Security. A Thesis Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia.
[15]
Mulugeta, M., Tesfaye, B., & Ayano, A. (2017). Data on Spatiotemporal Land Use Land Cover Changes in Peri-Urban Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Empirical Evidences from Koye-Feche and Qilinto Peri-Urban Areas. Data in Brief, 12, 380-385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2017.04.018
[16]
Murayama, Y., Simwanda, M., & Ranagalage, M. (2021). Spatiotemporal Analysis of Urbanisation Using GIS and Remote Sensing in Developing Countries. Sustainability, 13, Article No. 3681. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13073681
[17]
Mwanza City Council (MCC) (2023). Voluntary Local Review City of Mwanza. A Review of the Implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals.
[18]
Mwanza City Council Report (MCCR) (2017). Mwanza City Council, Socio-Economic Profile, 2016. United Republic of Tanzania.
[19]
Mwanza City Socio-Economic Profile (2022). President Office Regional Administration and Local Government. United Republic of Tanzania MTEF (2022). Medium Term Expenditure Framework. Mwanza City Budget Book for Financial Year 2022/2023. Government Printer, Dar-es-Salaam.
[20]
Peter, L. L., & Yang, Y. (2019). Urban Planning Historical Review of Master Plans and the Way towards a Sustainable City: Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 8, 359-377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2019.01.008
[21]
Rana, M. S., & Sarkar, S. (2021). Prediction of Urban Expansion by Using Land Cover Change Detection Approach. Heliyon, 7, e08437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08437
[22]
Shao, Z., Sumari, N. S., Portnov, A., Ujoh, F., Musakwa, W., & Mandela, P. J. (2020). Urban Sprawl and Its Impact on Sustainable Urban Development: A Combination of Remote Sensing and Social Media Data. Geo-Spatial Information Science, 24, 241-255. https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2020.1787800
[23]
Tanzania Urbanisation Laboratory (TULab) (2019). Harnessing Urbanisation for Development: Roadmap for Tanzania’s Urban Development Policy. Paper for the Coalition for Urban Transitions, London and Washington DC. http://newclimateeconomy.net/content/cities-working-papers http://www.coalitionforurbantransitions.org/
[24]
UN DESA (United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs) (2019). Population Division. World Urbanisation Prospects 2018: Highlights (ST/ESA/SER.A/421). New York. https://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/
[25]
UN-Habitat (2018). Youth-Led Mwanza City Informal Settlements Baseline Survey State of Living Conditions and Access to Urban Basic Services. United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), Nairobi, Kenya.
[26]
Un-Habitat (2022). World Cities Report 2022. Envisaging the Future Cities. https://www.unhabitat.org
[27]
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA) (2018). World Urbanisation Prospects: The 2018 Revision. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs.
[28]
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA) (2022). World Population Prospects 2022: Summary of Results. UN DESA/POP/2021/TR/NO.3.
[29]
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (2018). Development Advocate Pakistan. Sustainable Urbanisation, 5, 4. UNDP Pakistan.
[30]
Vidal, M. M., Gajjar, S. P., Subedi, A., Polgar, A., & Van Den Hoof, C. (2021). Resilient Governance Regimes That Support Urban Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Cities: Learning from Local Challenges. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 5, Article ID: 692167. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.692167
[31]
Wasonga, G., Naliaka, R., & Schulz, B. (2022). Just City in Africa. The Transformative Value of Urbanisation. Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Kenya Office, Nairobi, Kenya. https://kenya.fes.de/
[32]
World Bank (WB) (2009). World Development Report 2009: Reshaping Economic Geography.
[33]
Worrall, L., Colenbrander, S., Palmer, I., Makene, F., Mushi, D., Mwijage, J., Martine, M., & Godfrey, N. (2017). Better Urban Growth in Tanzania: Preliminary Exploration of the Opportunities and Challenges. Coalition for Urban Transitions, London and Washington DC. http://newclimateeconomy.net/content/cities-working-papers
