传统与科学：乡村医疗方式研究——以H省Y村为例
Tradition and Science: A Study of Rural Medical Methods—Taking Y Village in H Province as an Example

21世纪以来，我国现代医疗科学话语地位的确立对地方性传统存续产生深刻影响。本文以H省Y村为例，通过呈现Y村村民在生活中应对疾病的行为策略，发现在现代医疗方式的冲击下，地方性传统并没有销声匿迹。Y村在信仰观念、祭拜传统和代际差异的结构性现实等因素的影响下，形成了一种以现代医疗和地方性治疗相结合的综合性治疗方式，其背后折射出科学知识和地方性传统的博弈过程。在科学主义的主流文化下，地方性传统的生存空间微乎其微，并随着乡村留守老人的离世和传统家长制权威的消逝而消失。在科学与传统的流变中，人们一方面借助现代医学治疗身体的疾病与疼痛，另一方面又期冀寻求地方传统和祭拜信仰填补心理的恐惧与不安。因而，Y村的综合性治疗方式实质上是现代科学强势操作下人们的无奈之选，这种选择背后透露着科学霸权所导致的地方性传统式微的真相。
Since the 21st century, the establishment of the discourse status of modern medical science has had a deep influence on the survival of local knowledge. Taking Y Village in H Province as an example, this paper presents the behavior strategies of Y village residents in coping with diseases in their daily lives, and finds that local knowledge has not disappeared under the impact of modern medical methods. Under the influence of such factors as belief concept, worship tradition and the structural reality of intergenerational differences, Y village has formed comprehensive treatment mode com-bining modern medical treatment and local treatment, which reflects the game process between scientific knowledge and local tradition. Under the mainstream culture of scientism, local traditions have little living space, and disappear with the death of the elderly left behind in the countryside and the disappearance of the traditional patriarchal authority. In the evolution of science and tradition, on the one hand, people rely on modern medicine to cure physical diseases and pains; on the other hand, they look to local traditions and worship beliefs to fill their psychological tears and anxieties. Therefore, the comprehensive treatment method of Y village is essentially a helpless choice of people under the strong operation of modern science, which reveals the truth of the decline of local traditions caused by the right of students with excellent academic performance.