Colistin Resistance Profiles, Molecular Investigation of mcr-1 and mcr-2 Plasmid Genes and Investigation of Carbapenemase Production in Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter Strains
BackgroundandPurpose: The reintroduction of colistin as a last resort treatment against
multi-resistant Gram-negative bacilli, is currently challenged by the emergence
of colistin-resistant bacteria. The aim of this study was to assess the
susceptibility of Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter strains to colistin, to
identify carbapenemase production, and to investigate the plasmid genes
involved in colistin resistance and carbapenemase production. Methodology: In order to establish the susceptibility profiles of 17 strains of Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter to colistin, their Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations
(MICs) were determined using the liquid microdilution method. The possible
production of carbapenemases was investigated with the modified Carbapenem
Inactivation Method (mCIM). The search for genes encoding carbapenemases (blaOXA, blaIMP, blaCarba)
and those responsible for plasmid resistance to colistin (mcr-1andmcr-2) was performed by conventional
PCR. ResultsandConclusion: Ninety-four percent (94%)
(16/17) of the strains were resistant to colistin. Intraspecies distribution
was 50% (8/16), 31% (5/16), 13% (2/16) and 6% (1/16) for Acinetobacterbaumannii, Pseudomonasaeruginosa, Pseudomonasluteola, and Pseudomonasfluorescens,
respectively. Twenty-nine percent (29%) (6/17) of the strains produced carbapenemases.
No mcr-1 and mcr-2 plasmid genes were detected. On the other hand, 17.6% (3/17)
of the strains possessed the carbapenemase genes distributed as follows: Carba
type (60%), OXA type (40%) and IMP type (0%). The results of this study
highlight a high resistance to colistin in strains belonging to the genera Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas, and some of these strains produce carbapenemases.
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