Contextandobjective: The COVID-19 pandemic has become a major
public health problem and has mobilized many innovative means of diagnosis. The
Central African Republic is not spared. The emergence of variants and their
impact require health monitoring despite the obligation of vaccination. The purpose of this campaign was to determine the
circulation of pending second-wave variants. PatientsandMethods: A second mass screening campaign took place from 02 to 22 July 2021 in the main
land and river entry points of Bangui (Exit North-PK12, Exit South-PK9, Port
Beach) and at the LNBCSP. Antigenic and RT-PCR tests carried out on
nasopharyngeal samples made it possible to select strains which were finally
sequenced. Results: Of 2687 participants included in the study, 53
(1.97%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2. Thirteen (1.53%) were male and 40 (2.18%)
female. The analysescarried out on the LumiraDx analyzer
were positive for 109 samples against 53 on the RT-PCR. The prevalence was
higher in the most tested age groups (30 to 50 years) with two clusters
identified. B.1.617.2 (Delta) variants were predominant (57%). Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 continues to circulate. The acquisition of automated antigenic tests
(LumiraDx®) with sensitivity and specificity close to those of the
reference test (RT-PCR) will allow better mass diagnosis for an optimization of
the surveillance of COVID-19 in our countries with limited resources. The
predominance of the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant would suggest a third wave in the
Central African Republic.
References
[1]
World Health Organization (2022) COVID-19 Weekly Epidemiological Update. 1-33. https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/covid-19-weekly-epidemiological-update
[2]
Hofman, P. (2021) Gestion des échantillons dans les laboratoires de pathologie et les biobanques au cours de la pandémie liée à la Covid-19. Revue Francophone des Laboratoires, 2021, 36-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1773-035X(20)30392-0
[3]
Bretagne, G. (2021) Covid-19: A quels tests se fier en 2021? Bulletin de l’Académie Nationale de Médecine, 205, 433-434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.banm.2021.02.022
[4]
Hantz, S. (2020) Diagnostic biologique de l’infection à Sars-CoV-2: Stratégies et interprétation des résultats. Revue Francophone des Laboratoires, 2020, 48-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1773-035X(20)30313-0
Directeur Général de l’OMS (2021) Déclaration finale sur la neuvième réunion du Comité d’urgence du Règlement sanitaire international (2005) concernant la pandémie de maladie à coronavirus 2019. 7-12.
[7]
Bertholom, C. (2021) Évolution génétique du Sars-CoV-2 et ses conséquences. Option/Bio, 32, 22-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0992-5945(21)00197-5
[8]
Dudas, G., Hong, S.L., Potter, B.I., Calvignac-Spencer, S., Niatou-Singa, F.S., Tombolomako, T.B., et al. (2021) Emergence and Spread of SARS-CoV-2 Lineage B.1.620 with Variant of Concern-Like Mutations and Deletions. Nature Communications, 12, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26055-8
[9]
Van de Venter, R., Williams, R., Stindt, C. and Ten Ham-Baloyi, W. (2021) Coronavirus-Related Anxiety and Fear among South African Diagnostic Radiographers Working in the Clinical Setting during the Pandemic. Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, 52, 586-594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmir.2021.09.016
[10]
Ntagereka, P.B., Oyola, S.O., Baenyi, S.P., Rono, G.K., Birindwa, A.B., Shukuru, D.W., et al. (2022) Whole-Genome Sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 Reveals Diverse Mutations in Circulating Alpha and Delta Variants during the First, Second, and Third Waves of COVID-19 in South Kivu, East of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 122, 136-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2022.05.041
[11]
Lina, B. (2022) The Different Phases of Molecular and Antigenic Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Viruses during the 20 Months Following Its Emergence. Bulletin de l’Académie Nationale de Médecine, 206, 87-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.banm.2021.11.002
[12]
WHO (2021) Genomic Sequencing of SARS-CoV-2. 94 p. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240018440
[13]
Djidjou-Demasse, R., Selinger, C. and Sofonea, M.T. (2020) Épidémiologie mathématique et modélisation de la pandémie de Covid-19: Enjeux et diversité. Revue Francophone des Laboratoires, 2020, 63-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1773-035X(20)30315-4
[14]
Elie, B. and Alizon, S. (2020) Analyses génomiques et phylodynamiques du Sars-CoV-2. Revue Francophone des Laboratoires, 2020, 57-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1773-035X(20)30314-2
[15]
Friedberga, B., Royoa, J., Villieza, V., Daynieza, N. and Coudeneb, P. (2021) Réflexions sur la place du test antigénique Covid-19 à partir d’un résultat discordant. Revue Francophone des Laboratoires, 2021, 67-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1773-035X(21)00110-6
[16]
(2021) Faut-il modifier les gestes barrière face à l’irruption de variants du SARS-CoV-2? Bulletin de l’Académie Nationale de Médecine, 205, 325-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.banm.2021.02.015
[17]
Ministère de la Santé et de la Population (1994) Rapport de situation. 7-24.
[18]
OCHA (2023) Principal A. Central African Republic. 2022-4.
[19]
Mimura, W., Ishiguro, C., Maeda, M., Murata, F. and Fukuda, H. (2022) Effectiveness of Messenger RNA Vaccines against Infection with SARS-CoV-2 during the Periods of Delta and Omicron Variant Predominance in Japan: The Vaccine Effectiveness, Networking, and Universal Safety (VENUS) Study. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 125, 58-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2022.10.001
[20]
Candel, F.J., Barreiro, P. and Zapatero, A. (2022) Recommandations d’utilisation des tests antigéniques dans le diagnostic de l’infection aiguë par le SRAS-CoV-2 dans la deuxième vague pandémique: Attitude dans différents contextes cliniques Afficher Situation clinique-épidémiologique actuelle et con. (Cm): 1-16.
[21]
Mbow, M., Badara Dieye, P.A., Khady Ba, N., Cisse, M., Lo, G., Gningue, M., et al. (2021) Evaluation an Immunofluorescence-Based Antigen Test for Hospital Point-of-Care Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 6, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.15761/CMID.1000192
[22]
Cornette, M., Decaesteker, B., Martens, G.A., Vandecandelaere, P. and Jonckheere, S. (2022) From Delta to Omicron SARS-CoV-2 Variant: Switch to Saliva Sampling for Higher Detection Rate. Journal of Clinical Virology Plus, 2, Article ID: 100090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcvp.2022.100090
[23]
Corbisier, P., Petrillo, M., Marchini, A., Querci, M., Buttinger, G., Bekliz, M., et al. (2022) A Qualitative RT-PCR Assay for the Specific Identification of the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) Variant of Concern. Journal of Clinical Virology, 152, Article ID: 105191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105191
[24]
Solis, M. (2022) Situation épidémique en juin 2022, évolution du SARS-CoV-2 et des variants, intérêt du suivi sérologique et de l’immunité. Archives des Maladies Professionnelles et de l Environnement, 83, 344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.admp.2022.07.032
[25]
Rahbari, R. (2022) rRT-PCR pour le SARS-CoV-2: Considérations analytiques Résumé. 1-9.
[26]
Li, J., Shen, J. and Qi, R. (2022) Electrochemiluminescence Sensing Platform for Microorganism Detection. Biosafety and Health, 4, 61-63.
[27]
Recommandations d’utilisation des tests antigéniques dans le diagnostic de l’infection aiguë par le SRAS-CoV-2 dans la deuxième vague pandémique attitude dans différents contextes cliniques.
[28]
Les, V. and Sant, T.D.E. (2021) Revue rapide sur les tests antigéniques automatisés de détection du SARS-CoV-2 sur prélèvement nasopharyngé.
