We compare, following Pati, global symmetries, our topological supersymmetric preon model with the heterotic E8 × E8 string theory. We include Pati’s supergravity based preon model in this work and compare the preon interactions of his model to ours. Based on preon-string symmetry comparison and preon phenomenological results, we conclude that the fundamental particles are likely preons rather than standard model particles.
References
[1]
Hübsch, T., Nishino, H. and Pati, J.C. (1985) Do Superstrings Lead to Quarks or to Preons? Physics Letters B, 163, 111-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(85)90203-5
[2]
Raitio, R. (2018) Supersymmetric Preons and the Standard Model. Nuclear Physics B, 931, 283-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2018.04.021
[3]
Raitio, R. (2020) A Scenario for Asymmetric Genesis of Matter. Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology, 9, 654-665. https://doi.org/10.4236/jhepgc.2023.93053
[4]
Raitio, R. (2023) A Chern-Simons Model for Baryon Asymmetry. Nuclear Physics B, 990, Article ID: 116174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2023.116174
[5]
Raitio, R. (2023) The Fate of Supersymmetry in Topological Quantum Field Theories. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2307.13017.pdf
[6]
Candelas, P., Horowitz, G.T., Strominger, A. and Witten, E. (1985) Vacuum Configurations for Superstrings. Nuclear Physics B, 258, 46-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(85)90602-9
[7]
Strominger, A. (1985) Institute for Advanced Studies Preprint.
[8]
Pati, J.C. (1984) A Model for Family Replication and a Mechanism for Mass Hierarchy. Physics Letters B, 144, 375-380. https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(84)91282-6
[9]
Wess, J. and Zumino, B. (1974) Supergauge Transformations in Four Dimensions. Nuclear Physics B, 70, 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(74)90355-1
[10]
Raitio, R. (2022) A Stringy Model of Pointlike Particles. Nuclear Physics B, 980, Article ID: 115826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2022.115826
[11]
Kogan, Y.I. (1989) Bound States of Fermions and Superconducting Ground State in a 2 + 1 Gauge Theory with a Topological Mass Term. JETP Letters, 49, 225.
[12]
Dobroliubov, M.I., Eliezer, D., Kogan, I.I., Semenoff, G.W. and Szabo, R.J. (1993) The Spectrum of Topologically Massive Quantum Electrodynamics. Modern Physics Letters A, 8, 2177-2188. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217732393001902
[13]
Belich, H., Del Cima, O.M., Ferreira Jr., M.M. and Helayel-Neto, J.A. (2003) Electron-Electron Bound States in Maxwell-Chern-Simons-Proca QED3. The European Physical Journal B—Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, 32, 145-155. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2003-00083-9
[14]
Napsuciale, M. and Rodrigues, S. (2021) Complete Analytical Solution to the Quantum Yukawa Potential. Physics Letters B, 816, Article ID: 136218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2021.136218
[15]
Iqbal, A., Nekrasov, N., Okounkov, A. and Vafa, C. (2008) Quantum Foam and Topological Strings. Journal of High Energy Physics, 2008, JHEP04. https://doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2008/04/011
[16]
Ayyar, V., Hackett, D.C., Jay, W.I. and Neil, E.T. (2017) Confinement Study of an SU(4) Gauge Theory with Fermions in Multiple Representations. EPJ Web of Conferences, 175, Article ID: 08025.
[17]
Grassi, P.A. and Policastro, G. (2004) Super-Chern-Simons Theory as Superstring Theory. https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0412272
[18]
Witten, E. (1995) Chern-Simons Gauge Theory as a String Theory. Progress in Mathematics, 133, 637-678. https://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-th/9207094v2.pdf https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-9217-9_28
[19]
Witten, E. (2003) A Note on the Chern-Simons and Kodama Wavefunctions. https://arxiv.org/pdf/gr-qc/0306083v2.pdf
[20]
Alexander, S., Daniel, T., Howard, M. and König, M. (2022) An Exact Fermionic Chern-Simons-Kodama State in Quantum Gravity. Physical Review D, 106, Article ID: 10612. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.106.106012