全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

The Egyptian Pyramids—Connection to Rain and Nile Flood Anomalies

DOI: 10.4236/ad.2024.121003, PP. 46-65

Keywords: Ancient Egypt, Heb-Sed, Naqada III, Old Kingdom, Pyramids, Maat Offerings, Rainfall, Nile Floods, Famine, Tempest Stela, Sphinx, Blue Lotus

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

This paper explores rain and Nile flood anomalies observed in Dynastic Egypt. It builds upon the meticulous analysis and documentation initially conducted by esteemed archaeologist Karl Butzer, whose findings constituted a foundational basis for subsequent research in this field. Barbara Bell further expanded upon Butzer’s work through extensive research published in the 1970s. Additionally, James Allen and Malcolm Wiener have made contributions to the discussion of weather anomalies through their respective work. Drawing from the expertise and established facts derived from these studies, this paper puts forth a hypothesis to elucidate these weather and rain anomalies. It proposes that a combination of religious practices and pyramid function related to rainmaking played a significant role in influencing climatic conditions. The notion of the pyramids influencing weather takes its roots in the work of esteemed physicist Charles Wilson. To support the claims, the paper presents experimental results that provide empirical evidence. Finally, the paper concludes by presenting historical evidence that bolsters the proposed hypothesis, leveraging the facts about Egyptian civilization and its practices.

References

[1]  Allen, J. (1988). Genesis in Egypt. Yale Egyptological Seminar.
[2]  Allen, J. (2005). The Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts (Second ed.). SBL Press.
[3]  Assmann, J. (2001). The Search for God in Ancient Egypt. Cornell University Press.
[4]  Bell, B. (1970). The Oldest Records of the Nile Floods. The Geographical Journal, 136, 569-573.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1796184
[5]  Bell, B. (1971). The Dark Ages in Ancient History. I. The First Dark Age in Egypt. AJA, 75, 1-26.
https://doi.org/10.2307/503678
[6]  Bell, B. (1975). Climate and the History of Egypt: The Middle Kingdom. AJA, 79, 223-269.
https://doi.org/10.2307/503481
[7]  Breasted, J. (1906). Ancient Records of Egypt Vol. 4. The University of Chicago Press.
[8]  Breasted, J. (1912). Development of Religion and Thought in Ancient Egypt. Hodder and Stoughton.
[9]  Buchler, I. (2011). The Rainbow Serpent: A Chromatic Piece. Mouton.
[10]  Budge, W. (1910). The Nile (11th ed.). Thomas Cook & Son.
[11]  Budge, W. (1911). Osiris and the Egyptian Resurrection. Philip Lee Warner; Putnam’s.
[12]  Budge, W. (1923). Tutankhamen, Amenism, Atenism and Egyptian Monotheism, with Hieroglyphic Texts of Hymns to Amen and Aten. M. Hopkinson.
[13]  Budge, W. (1925). Mummy: A Handbook of Egyptian Funerary Archaeology. Cambridge University Press.
[14]  Budge, W. (1994). Legends of the Egyptian Gods: Hieroglyphic Texts and Translations. Dover.
[15]  Butzer, K. (1958). Quaternary Stratigraphy and Climate in the Near East. Bonner Geogr. Abh., Heft 24, Bonn.
[16]  Butzer, K. (1984). Long-Term Nile Flood Variation and Political Discontinuities. In J. D. Clark, & S. A. Brandt (Eds.), Hunters to Farmers. University of California Press.
[17]  Frankfort, H. (1978). Kingship and the Gods: A Study of Ancient Near Eastern Religion as the Integration of Society & Nature. University of Chicago Press.
[18]  Gardiner, A. (1961). Egypt of the Pharaohs. Oxford University Press.
[19]  Hamilton, K. (2020). The Black Pyramid of Amenemhet III at Dahshur, a Layman’s Guide.
https://www.academia.edu/44269433
[20]  Hassan, S. (1949). The Sphinx. Government Press.
[21]  Hassan, S. (1960). Excavations at Giza.-v. 10. 1938-1939, the Great Pyramid of Khufu and Its Mortuary Chapel, with Names and Titles. General Organization for Government Printing Offices.
[22]  James, O. (1960). The Ancient Gods. Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
[23]  Lehner, M. (1997). The Complete Pyramids. Thames and Hudson.
[24]  Ling, S. et al. (2021). University Physics, Volume 2. OpenStax, Rice University.
[25]  Manning, S. (1999). A Test of Time: The Volcano of Thera and the Chronology and History of the Aegean and East Mediterranean in the Mid Second Millennium BC. Oxbow.
[26]  Mariette, A. (1856). Choix de monuments et de dessins découverts ou exécutés pendant le déblaiement du Sérapeum de Memphis. Gide at J. Baudry.
[27]  Naville, E. (1892). The Festival Hall of Osorkon II in the Great Temple of Bubastis (1887-1889). EEF.
[28]  Petrie, F. (1883). The Pyramids and Temples of Gizeh. Field & Tuer; Scribner & Welford.
[29]  Petrie, F. (1888). A Season in Egypt, 1887. Field & Tuer.
[30]  Petrie, F. (1925). Ancient Egypt Vol. 10. McMillan and Co.
[31]  Plutarch. c.100 (1936). Isis and Osiris. In Plutarch Moralia, Volume V (Translated by F.B. Babbitt). Harvard University Press.
https://doi.org/10.4159/DLCL.plutarch-moralia_isis_osiris.1936
[32]  Reisner, G. (1927). The Tomb of Meresankh, a Great-Granddaughter or Queen Hetep-Heres I and Sneferuw. Bulletin of the Museum Fine Arts, 25, 64-79.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/4170075
[33]  Ritner, R. et al. (2014). The Ahmose ‘Tempest Stela’, Thera and Comparative Chronology. JNES, 73, 1-19.
https://doi.org/10.1086/675069
[34]  Rosen, C. et al. (1992). Piezoelectricity. Springer Science & Business Media.
[35]  Shao, T. et al. (2011). Runaway Electrons and X-Rays from a Corona Discharge in Atmospheric Pressure Air. New Journal of Physics, 13, Article 113035.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/13/11/113035
[36]  Suignard, M. (2016). Source Analysis of an Extended Egyptian Hieroglyphs Repertoire (Hieroglyphica Based).
https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2016/16257-n4751-hieroglyphs-new.pdf
[37]  Teeter, E. (1997). The Presentation of Maat. Ritual and Legitimacy in Ancient Egypt. Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization, No. 57. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.
[38]  Tehlivets, O. et al. (2006). Fatty acid Synthesis and Elongation in Yeast. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1771, 255-270.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2006.07.004
[39]  Uphill, E. (1965). The Egyptian Sed-Festival Rites. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 24, 365-383.
https://doi.org/10.1086/371833
[40]  Wainwright, G. (1971). The Sky-Religion in Egypt; Its Antiquity & Effects. Greenwood Press.
[41]  Wiener, M. et al. (1998). Separate Lives: The Ahmose Tempest Stela and the Theran Eruption. JNES, 57, 1-28.
https://doi.org/10.1086/468596
[42]  Wilkinson, T. (1999). Early Dynastic Egypt. Routledge.
[43]  Wilson, A. (2019). College Physics Essentials, Eighth Edition, Electricity and Magnetism, Optics, Modern Physics (Volume 2). CRC Press.
https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429323379
[44]  Yoshida, S. et al. (1997). Electric Potential Changes Associated with Slip Failure of Granite: Preseismic and Coseismic Signals. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 14883-14897.
https://doi.org/10.1029/97JB00729

Full-Text

comments powered by Disqus

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133