合理使用抗辩在地理标志证明商标侵权中的地位
Position of Fair Use Defense in Infringement of Geographical Indication Certification Marks

在地理标志证明商标侵权案件的审判实务中，存在法官在被告未答辩或未提出合理使用抗辩的情况下主动援引合理使用抗辩相关内容的情况。相关实证分析表明，法官在判决理由中主动援引合理使用抗辩相关内容的情况有逐年上升的趋势。相关理论分析表明，合理使用抗辩属于事实抗辩，法官有权主动援引，并且其援引的条文属于新增的合理使用，在满足产地、品质等条件的情况下被控使用行为具备正当性。理论和实证分析结果表明了司法领域地理标志保护优先的态度。因此，应当在实务中统一对合理使用抗辩地位的认定，即以商标性使用为分界点，以产地、品质为考量因素的，地理标志证明商标侵权认定的非必经环节，分类化处理合理使用抗辩。
In the trial practice of infringement cases of geographical indication certification trademarks, judges may actively invoke relevant content of the defense of fair use under the circumstance that the defendant fails to give defense or raise defense of fair use. The related empirical analysis shows that there is an increasing trend that judges actively invoke the related content of fair use defense in the judgment reasons. Relevant theoretical analysis shows that the fair use defense is a type of factual defense that judges have the right to actively invoke it, and the articles invoked by them constitute newly-added fair use. On the premise that the conditions such as the place of origin and quality are satisfied, the accused use is justifiable. Theoretical and empirical results show that the priority of protection of geographical indications in the judicial field. Therefore, the identification of the status of defense of fair use should be unified in practice, that is, by taking trademark use as the dividing point and taking place of origin and quality as the consideration factors, the defense of fair use is not a necessary step for the identification of infringement of geographical indication certification trademarks, handling defense of fair use by classfication.