国家公园分区管控的困境检视与制度完善
The Dilemma Review and System Improvement of Zoning Control in National Parks

自然保护地是生态建设的核心载体，国家公园则是未来我国自然保护地体系的主体。按照不同的保护目标和功能定位，对国家公园进行合理分区，并实行差异化管控是我国国家公园体制建设的重要内容。分区管控能够实现国家公园既严格保护又合理利用的双重目标，目前我国国家公园分区管控正处于发展阶段，存在着法律依据不充分、划分标准不统一、功能区类型各异、缺乏功能区动态调整法律机制等问题。国家公园分区管控，首先应该进行管控分区，将国家公园划分为核心保护区、一般控制区，然后在此基础上进行功能分区，划分为严格保护区、生态保育修复区、科教游憩区、生产生活区，并规定相应的管控制度，建立功能区动态调整机制。
Natural reserve is the core carrier of ecological construction, and national park is the main body of natural reserve system of China in the future. According to different protection objectives and functional orientation, rational division of national parks and differentiated management are important contents of China’s national park system construction. Zoning control can achieve the dual goals of both strict protection and rational utilization of national parks. Currently, China’s zoning control of national parks is in the development stage, and there are problems such as insufficient legal basis, inconsistent division standards, diverse types of functional zones but lack of unification and coordination, and no legal mechanism for dynamic adjustment of functional zones. Zoning control of national parks should first be carried out, dividing national parks into core protected area and general control area, and then conducting functional zoning on this basis, dividing them into strictly protected area, ecological conservation and restoration area, science and education recreation area and producing and living areas. Corresponding management and control systems should be stipulated, and dynamic adjustment mechanisms for functional zone should be established.