北京市空气质量的时间特征及影响因素分析
Analysis of Temporal Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Air Quality in Beijing

基于描述性统计和非参数统计方法，对北京市2017年春至2020年冬的AQI (Air Quality Index，空气质量指数)和大气污染物的时间特征，及它们与温度和风力的关系进行分析。结果表明：北京市春夏季的空气质量相对秋冬季较差，夏季大气中污染物O₃的浓度偏高，春冬季PM2.5、PM10、SO₂、CO、NO₂的浓度更高；近四年来，北京市的空气质量得到改善，但在大气污染物O₃和CO方面的工作仍需加强；可吸入颗粒物、CO、NO₂和O₃是影响北京市空气质量的重要因素；高温会在一定程度上降低北京市的空气质量，而大风不是北京市影响空气质量的主要因素。
Based on descriptive and non-parametric statistical methods, the temporal characteristics of air quality index (AQI) and atmospheric pollutants, and their relationships with temperature and wind effect in Beijing from spring 2017 to winter 2020 were analyzed. The results show that: the air quality in Beijing is worse in spring and summer compared to autumn and winter, the concentra-tion of atmospheric pollutant O₃ is higher in summer, and the concentration of PM2.5, PM10, SO₂, CO, and NO₂ is higher in spring and winter. The air quality in Beijing has been improved in the past four years, but the work on atmospheric pollutants O₃ and CO still needs to be strengthened. Inhalable particles, CO, NO₂, and O₃ are important factors affecting air quality in Beijing. High temperature will reduce air quality in Beijing to some extent, while strong wind is not the main factor affecting air quality in Beijing.