民事公益诉讼在反电信网络诈骗中的理解与适用
Understanding and Application of Civil Public Interest Litigation in Anti Telecom Network Fraud

2022年12月1日，《中华人民共和国反电信网络诈骗法》正式施行。该法第四十七条引入民事公益诉讼制度，体现电信网络诈骗全链条治理路径在民事司法领域的铺设，是对电信网络诈骗受害人法益的合理弥补，也是个人信息保护到反电信网络诈骗的有效衔接。人民检察院提起反电信网络诈骗民事公益诉讼，需要满足履行反电信网络诈骗职责、国家利益和社会公共利益受损之条件。反电信网络诈骗民事公益诉讼对利益之保护应尽数体现在诉讼请求中，包括但不限于损害赔偿，具有反诈溯源治理、源头预防的特色。
On December 1, 2022, the “Anti Telecom Network Fraud Law of the People’s Republic of China” was officially implemented. Article 47 of this law introduces the civil public interest litigation system, reflecting the laying of the entire chain governance path of telecommunications network fraud in the field of civil justice. It is a reasonable compensation for the legal interests of telecommunications network fraud victims and an effective connection between personal information protection and anti telecommunications network fraud. The People’s Procuratorate’s filing of a civil public interest lawsuit against telecommunications network fraud needs to meet the conditions of fulfilling its duties in combating telecommunications network fraud, and damaging national and public interests. The protection of interests in civil public interest litigation against telecommunications network fraud should be fully reflected in litigation requests, including but not limited to compen-sation for damages, with the characteristics of anti fraud tracing governance and source prevention.