Aim: To explore the effect of a WeChat peer education program in children with severe viral meningitis combined with respiratory failure. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: Patients who had severe viral meningitis combined with respiratory failure, were admitted to the hospital from March 2017 to June 2018, and who received the WeChat-based nursing intervention were included. Patients who received routine nursing were used as controls. The family’s emotional state, self-care ability, and rehabilitation were analyzed. Results: There were 37 patients in the WeChat group (19 boys (51.3%) and 18 girls (48.7%); mean of 5.1 ± 2.4 years of age) and 37 controls (20 boys (54.1%) and 17 girls (45.9%); mean of 5.9 ± 2.4 years of age) (all P > 0.05). After nursing, improvements in the self-assessed anxiety score and self-assessed depression score were better in the WeChat group (anxiety: -29.2% vs. -20.3%, P = 0.015; depression: -25.2% vs. -15.4%, P = 0.009). After nursing, the improvements in the condition management ability scale and condition management difficulty scale scores were better in the WeChat group (ability: +80.5% vs. +44.4%. P = 0.001; difficulty: +58.4% vs. +37.8%, P = 0.003). After nursing, the improvement in the Fugl-Meyer score was better in the WeChat group (+138.0% vs. +53.0%, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Early nursing intervention combined with WeChat peer education can improve the emotional state of children with severe viral meningitis combined with respiratory failure and their caregivers. Impact: Viral meningitis is associated with a good prognosis, but central nervous system complications can be observed. Early intervention is the key to a good prognosis. Internet-based nursing and coaching can improve self-efficacy and care ability in patients with various conditions, as well as improve the emotional state of the children and their caregivers. The research might have an impact on any children’s hospital that deals with viral meningitis.
References
[1]
McGill, F., Griffiths, M.J. and Solomon, T. (2017) Viral Meningitis: Current Issues in Diagnosis and Treatment. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 30, 248-256. https://doi.org/10.1097/QCO.0000000000000355
[2]
Ai, J., Xie, Z., Liu, G., Chen, Z., Yang, Y., Li, Y., Chen, J., Zheng, G. and Shen, K. (2017) Etiology and Prognosis of Acute Viral Encephalitis and Meningitis in Chinese Children: A Multicentre Prospective Study. BMC Infectious Diseases, 17, Article No. 494. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-017-2572-9
[3]
Shen, H., Zhu, C., Liu, X., et al. (2019) The Etiology of Acute Meningitis and Encephalitis Syndromes in a Sentinel Pediatric Hospital, Shenzhen, China. BMC Infectious Diseases, 19, Article No. 560. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-4162-5
[4]
Abedi, G.R., Watson, J.T., Nix, W.A., Oberste, M.S. and Gerber, S.I. (2018) Enterovirus and Parechovirus Surveillance—United States, 2014-2016. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 67, 515-518. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6718a2
[5]
Rudolph, H., Schroten, H. and Tenenbaum, T. (2016) Enterovirus Infections of the Central Nervous System in Children: An Update. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 35, 567-569. https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000001090
Lee, K.Y., Burgner, D., Lee, H.S., et al. (2005) The Changing Epidemiology of Pediatric Aseptic Meningitis in Daejeon, Korea from 1987 to 2003. BMC Infectious Diseases, 5, Article No. 97. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-5-97
[8]
Huang, C.C., Liu, C.C., Chang, Y.C., Chen, C.Y., Wang, S.T. and Yeh, T.F. (1999) Neurologic Complications in Children with Enterovirus 71 Infection. The New England Journal of Medicine, 341, 936-942. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199909233411302
[9]
Huang, R., Pang, J., Wang, Y. and Pu, Q. (2018) Analysis of Viral Load and Complications in Children Patients with Severe Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease Caused by Enterovirus Type 71. International Journal of Laboratory Medicine, 39, 187-189.
[10]
Hsia, S.H., Wu, C.T., Chang, J.J., Lin, T.Y., Chung, H.T., Lin, K.L., Hwang, M.S., Chou, M.L. and Chang, L.Y. (2005) Predictors of Unfavorable Outcomes in Enterovirus 71-Related Cardiopulmonary Failure in Children. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 24, 331-334. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.inf.0000157219.19674.98
[11]
Yang, F., Ren, L., Xiong, Z., et al. (2009) Enterovirus 71 Outbreak in the People’s Republic of China in 2008. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 47, 2351-2352. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00563-09
[12]
Yang, S.D., Li, P.Q., Li, Y.M., et al. (2017) Clinical Manifestations of Severe Enterovirus 71 Infection and Early Assessment in a Southern China Population. BMC Infectious Diseases, 17, Article No. 153. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-017-2228-9
[13]
Rhoades, R.E., Tabor-Godwin, J.M., Tsueng, G. and Feuer, R. (2011) Enterovirus Infections of the Central Nervous System. Virology, 411, 288-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2010.12.014
[14]
Allen, M., Iezzoni, L.I., Huang, A., Huang, L. and Leveille, S.G. (2008) Improving Patient-Clinician Communication about Chronic Conditions: Description of an Internet-Based Nurse E-Coach Intervention. Nursing Research, 57, 107-112. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NNR.0000313478.47379.98
[15]
Hauffman, A., Alfonsson, S., Mattsson, S., et al. (2017) The Development of a Nurse-Led Internet-Based Learning and Self-Care Program for Cancer Patients with Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression—A Part of U-CARE. Cancer Nursing, 40, E9-E16. https://doi.org/10.1097/NCC.0000000000000402
[16]
Bashi, N., Windsor, C. and Douglas, C. (2016) Evaluating a Web-Based Self-Management Intervention in Heart Failure Patients: A Pilot Study. JMIR Research Protocols, 5, e116. https://doi.org/10.2196/resprot.5093
[17]
Nguyen, H.Q., Donesky-Cuenco, D., Wolpin, S., et al. (2008) Randomized Controlled Trial of an Internet-Based versus Face-to-Face Dyspnea Self-Management Program for Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Pilot Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 10, e9. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.990
[18]
Sinclair, P.M., Kable, A., Levett-Jones, T. and Booth, D. (2016) The Effectiveness of Internet-Based e-Learning on Clinician Behaviour and Patient Outcomes: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 57, 70-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.01.011
[19]
Nguyen, H.Q., Donesky, D., Reinke, L.F., et al. (2013) Internet-Based Dyspnea Self-Management Support for Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 46, 43-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2012.06.015
[20]
Lorig, K.R., Ritter, P.L., Laurent, D.D. and Plant, K. (2008) The Internet-Based Arthritis Self-Management Program: A One-Year Randomized Trial for Patients with Arthritis or Fibromyalgia. Arthritis & Rheumatology, 59, 1009-1017. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.23817
[21]
Wright, W.F., Pinto, C.N., Palisoc, K. and Baghli, S. (2019) Viral (Aseptic) Meningitis: A Review. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 398, 176-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2019.01.050
[22]
Zung, W.W. (1971) A Rating Instrument for Anxiety Disorders. Psychosomatics, 12, 371-379. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0033-3182(71)71479-0
[23]
Zung, W.W. (1965) A Self-Rating Depression Scale. Archives of General Psychiatry, 12, 63-70. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1965.01720310065008
[24]
Golding, K., Kneebone, I. and Fife-Schaw, C. (2016) Self-Help Relaxation for Post-Stroke Anxiety: A Randomised, Controlled Pilot Study. Clinical Rehabilitation, 30, 174-180. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215515575746
[25]
Knafl, K., Deatrick, J.A., Gallo, A., et al. (2011) Assessment of the Psychometric Properties of the Family Management Measure. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 36, 494-505. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsp034
[26]
Knafl, K.A., Deatrick, J.A., Knafl, G.J., Gallo, A.M., Grey, M. and Dixon, J. (2013) Patterns of Family Management of Childhood Chronic Conditions and Their Relationship to Child and Family Functioning. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 28, 523-535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2013.03.006
[27]
Fugl-Meyer, A.R., Jaasko, L., Leyman, I., Olsson, S. and Steglind, S. (1975) The Post-Stroke Hemiplegic Patient. 1. A Method for Evaluation of Physical Performance. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 7, 13-31. https://doi.org/10.2340/1650197771331
[28]
Pang, Z., Tu, D. and Cai, Y. (2019) Psychometric Properties of the SAS, BAI, and S-AI in Chinese University Students. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, Article No. 93. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00093
[29]
Shen, M., Hu, M. and Sun, Z. (2017) Development and Validation of Brief Scales to Measure Emotional and Behavioural Problems among Chinese Adolescents. BMJ Open, 7, e012961. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012961
[30]
Zhang, Y., Wei, M., Shen, N. and Zhang, Y. (2015) Identifying Factors Related to Family Management during the Coping Process of Families with Childhood Chronic Conditions: A Multi-Site Study. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 30, 160-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2014.10.002
[31]
Henry, B.M., Roy, J., Ramakrishnan, P.K., Vikse, J., Tomaszewski, K.A. and Walocha, J.A. (2016) Procalcitonin as a Serum Biomarker for Differentiation of Bacterial Meningitis from Viral Meningitis in Children: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis. Clinical Pediatrics (Phila), 55, 749-764. https://doi.org/10.1177/0009922815606414
[32]
Moir, C. (2013) Early Intervention for Obesity Prevention Research: Relevant to Nursing Practice. The Australian Nursing Journal, 20, 32-33.
[33]
Bang, K.S. (2009) Effects of an Early Nursing Intervention Program for Infants’ Development and Mother’s Child Rearing in Poverty. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 39, 796-804. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2009.39.6.796
[34]
Becker, E. (2009) The BeKD (German Professional Society of Pediatric Nursing) Included in the “Early Intervention” Program. Kinderkrankenschwester, 28, 155.
[35]
Hirose, T., Teramoto, T., Saitoh, S., Takahashi, I., Hiramatsu, M., Okamitsu, M., Sonobe, M., Mikuni, K., Omori, T. and Shirakawa, S. (2007) Preliminary Early Intervention Study Using Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale in Japan. Pediatrics International, 49, 950-958. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-200X.2007.02498.x
[36]
Edgecombe, G. (2004) Child and Family Health Nursing and Early Intervention. Contemporary Nurse, 18, 143-144. https://doi.org/10.5172/conu.18.1-2.143
[37]
Lewis, K.D. and Bear, B.J. (2000) Early Intervention and School Nursing Practice. The Journal of School Nursing, 16, 16-24. https://doi.org/10.1177/105984050001600503
[38]
Dong, Y., Wang, P., Dai, Z., Liu, K., Jin, Y., Li, A., Wang, S. and Zheng, J. (2018) Increased Self-Care Activities and Glycemic Control Rate in Relation to Health Education via Wechat among Diabetes Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Medicine (Baltimore), 97, e13632. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000013632
[39]
Ren, Q., Lian, M., Liu, Y., Thomas-Hawkins, C., Zhu, L. and Shen, Q. (2019) Effects of a Transtheoretical Model-Based WeChat Health Education Program on Self-Management among Hemodialysis Patients: A Longitudinal Experimental Intervention Study. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 75, 3554-3565. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14182
[40]
Zou, Q., Zhang, G. and Liu, Y. (2018) Health Education Using Telephone and WeChat in Treatment of Symptomatic Uterine Myoma with High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound. Medical Science Monitor Basic Research, 24, 127-133. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSMBR.911040
[41]
Liu, J., Zheng, X., Chai, S., et al. (2018) Effects of Using WeChat-Assisted Perioperative Care Instructions for Parents of Pediatric Patients Undergoing Day Surgery for Herniorrhaphy. Patient Education and Counseling, 101, 1433-1438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2018.02.010
[42]
Harvala, H. and Simmonds, P. (2016) Viral Meningitis: Epidemiology and Diagnosis. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 16, 1211-1212. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30221-3
