泸州市城镇老年群体健康适能现状调查与分析
Investigation and Analysis on the Status Quo of Urban Elderly Population’s Health Fitness

目的：旨在探索泸州市城镇老年群体生理、心理及社会整体健康适能现状。方法：采用多阶段分层抽样，随机抽取泸州市两区县两街道60岁以上城镇老年人1227名进行问卷调查。结果：调查对象在生理适能(t = 4.65, p < 0.001)和心理适能方面(t = 2.88, p < 0.05)，男性得分高于女性，但社会适能方面，男性得分低于女性(t = ？3.94, p < 0.001)；在各年龄段中，年龄越大生理适能(F = 61.74, p < 0.001)、心理适能(F = 8.86, p < 0.001)及社会适能状况(F = 12.23, p < 0.001)越差；在总体生理、心理和社会适能三个子量表中，与心理(69.49 ± 12.60)和社会适能(64.40 ± 12.66)相比，生理适能(55.43 ± 13.07)得分最低，差异有统计学意义(F = 380.41, p < 0.001)。结论：随着年龄增长，老年人健康适能状况呈下降趋势，相比于社会和心理适能，生理适能处于最低水平；心理适能水平女性低于男性，社会适能水平男性低于女性。因此，关注老年人生理健康适能的同时，应着重关注男性老人社会适能状况和女性老人心理适能状况，以提升老年人总体健康适能水平。
Background: With the deepening of aging, the evaluation of the health of the elderly is no longer based on the physiological indicators as the main research content, but needs to start from the overall health view, and carry out a comprehensive evaluation of the health status (physiological, psychological and social) of the elderly. Objective: To explore the status quo of mental, physical and social health fitness of urban aged groups. Methods: Stratified cluster sampling was used to randomly select 1227 urban elderly over 60 years old from 13 communities in two districts, two counties and two streets of Luzhou city for questionnaire survey. Results: In terms of physical fitness (T = 4.65, p < 0.001) and psychological fitness (T = 2.88, p < 0.05), male scores were higher than female, but in terms of social fitness, male scores were lower than female (T = ？3.94, p < 0.001). The older the age was, the worse the physiological fitness (F = 61.74, p < 0.001), the psychological fitness (F = 8.86, p < 0.001) and the social fitness (F = 12.23, p < 0.001).In the three subscales of overall physiological, psychological and social fitness, compared with psychological (69.49 ± 12.60) and social fitness (64.40 ± 12.66), physiological fitness (55.43 ± 13.07) scored the lowest and had statistical significance (F = 380.41, p < 0.001).Conclusion With the increase of age, the health fitness of the elderly showed a downward trend, and compared with social and psychological fitness, physiological fitness was at the lowest level. The level of psychological fitness of women is lower than that of men, and the level of social fitness of men is lower than that of women. Therefore, while paying attention to the physical health fitness of the elderly, we should pay more attention to the social fitness of the elderly men and the psychological fitness of the elderly women, so as to improve the overall health fitness level of the elderly.