试论八旗军的衰落
An Inquiry into the Decline of the Eight Ban-ners Army

八旗之制始创于努尔哈赤之手，于明万历四十三年正式确立。其平时为农、战时为军的制度可在保证女真族群生产力与基本生活资料的前提下，保证军队的强大战斗力，同时省却了单独供养军队的费用与精力。八旗制度为建州女真统一女真部、击败明军乃至入关、定鼎中原提供了坚实的制度保障，但也为后期八旗军无所事事、荒废武业，直至清封建王朝覆灭埋下了祸根。本文旨在通过阐述八旗军衰落的具体表现，进而分析探究其衰落原因以及造成的多方影响。
The system of Eight Banners was first established by Nurhaci and was officially established in the 43rd year of the Wanlireign of the Ming Dynasty. The system of serving as a farmer in peacetime and a military during wartime can ensure the strong combat effectiveness of the military while ensuring the productivity and basic means of life of the Jurchen ethnic group, while saving the cost and energy of separately supporting the military. The system of Eight Banners provided a solid institu-tional guarantee for the unification of the Jurchen tribe in Jianzhou, the defeat of the Ming army, and even the entry into the customs, and the determination of the Central Plains. However, it also laid the foundation for the idle and wasteful military activities of the Eight Banners Army in the later period, until the downfall of the Qing feudal dynasty. This paper aims to elaborate on the specific manifestations of the decline of the Eight Banners Army, and then analyze and explore the reasons for its decline and the various impacts it causes.