The research studies
security implications for military personnel maintaining peace through internal
security operations in Central Equatoria State (CES), Juba, South Sudan. The
overarching objective of the study is to examine the continued rising
insecurity despite the deployment of Military personnel and other Law
enforcement agencies to suppress internal security operations in CES.The research assesses the type of threats that compelled the deployment
of the military to control internal security operations in CES; explores
civilians’ experiences and interactions with the military personnel, executing
internal security operations and their propensity to influence insecurity; and
establishes the impact of using military combat orientations to suppress
violence and quell armed groups in CES. The research utilizes mixed research
methodology, such as qualitative and quantitative data. The study also reviewed
the literature and included the Separation Theory by Huntington.?The study
reveals significant threats, as explained by empirical statistics outcomes from
the key indicators such as unabatedinter-ethnic conflicts fueled by warlords
(13%), incapacity of the police (73%), presence of militias and violence meant
to undermine government (9%), political conflicts (8%), and generals who were
not well compensated (6%), and illegitimate military (26%). These empirical
data signify that civilian experience life threats with the military personnel
executing internal security operations. The life threat includes human rights
abuses such as; deaths, rape cases, gunshot injuries, burning down houses and
corporal punishments. Finally, the research provides recommendations.
References
[1]
Aeby, M. (2018). Peace and Security Challenges in Southern Africa Governance Deficits and Lackluster Regional Conflict Management. Graduate Institute Geneva.
[2]
Crelinsten, R. D. (1998). The Discourse and Practice of Counter-Terrorism in Liberal Democracies. Australian Journal of Politics & History, 44, 389-413. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8497.00028
[3]
Dambazau, A. S. (2014). Nigeria and Her Security Challenges. Harvard International Review, 35, 65-70.
[4]
Dasuki, S. (2013). Nigeria’s Security Challenges: Way Forward. http://maritimesecurity.asia/free-2/piracy-2/nigeriassecurity-challenges-the-way-forward/
[5]
De Waal, A. (2017). The Real Politics of the Horn of Africa: Money, War and the Business of Power. Polity Press.
[6]
Derblom, M. (2015). Challenges to Peace and Security in West Africa: The Role of ECOWAS. Studies in African Security.
[7]
Dode, R. O. (2012). Nigerian Security Forces and the Management of Internal Conflict in the Niger Delta: Challenges of Human Security and Development. European Journal of Sustainable Development, 1, 409-418. https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2012.v1n3p409
[8]
Elbadawi, E., & Sambanis, N. (2000). Why Are There So Many Civil Wars in Africa? Understanding and Preventing Violent Conflict. Journal of African Economies, 9, 244-269. https://doi.org/10.1093/jae/9.3.244
[9]
Enloe, C. H. (1977). Police and Military in the Resolution of Ethnic Conflict. Annals of American Academy of Political and Social Science, 433, 137-149. https://doi.org/10.1177/000271627743300113
[10]
Foucault, M. (1978). The History of Sexuality. Volume I: An Introduction (Translated from French by Robert Hurley). Pantheon Books.
[11]
Harris, G. (2003). Civilianizing Military Functions in Sub-Saharan Africa. African Security Review, 12, 83-89. https://doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2003.9627254
[12]
Hoffman, F. G. (2007). Conflict in the 21st Century: The Rise of Hybrid Wars. Potomac Institute for Policy Studies.
[13]
Kenney, K. L., & Dumm, B. C. (2010). Police Officers at Work. Magic Wagon.
[14]
Lange, M., & Balian, H. (2008). Containing Conflict or Instigating Unrest? A Test of the Effects of State Infrastructural Power on Civil Violence. Studies in Comparative International Development, 43, 314-333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-008-9025-9
[15]
Mueller, S. D. (2008). The Political Economy of Kenya’s Crisis. Journal of Eastern African Studies, 2, 185-210. https://doi.org/10.1080/17531050802058302
[16]
O’Hanlon, M. (2000). Technological Change and the Future of Warfare. Brookings Institution Press.
[17]
Odoemene, A. (2012). The Nigerian Armed Forces and Sexual Violence in Ogoniland of the Niger Delta Nigeria, 1990-1999. Armed Forces & Society, 38, 225-251. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X11418319
[18]
Okoli, A. C., & Orinya, S. (2013). Evaluating the Strategic Efficacy of Military Involvement in Internal Security Operations (ISOPs) in Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 9, 20-27. https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-0962027
[19]
Omede, A. J. (2012). The Nigerian Military: Analysing Fifty Years of Defence and Internal Military and Fifty Years of Internal Security Operations in Nigeria (1960-2010). Journal of Social Sciences, 33, 293-303. https://doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2012.11893107
[20]
Verweijen, J. (2015). The Ambiguity of Militarization: The Complex Interaction between the Congolese Armed Forces and Civilians in the Kivu Provinces, Eastern DR Congo. Ph.D. Thesis, Utrecht University.
[21]
Weiss, T. (2012). Fighting Wars or Controlling Crowds? The Case of the Czech Military Forces and the Possible Blurring of Police and Military Functions. Armed Forces & Society, 39, 450-466. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X12457724