高校思想政治教育实效性研究——以马斯洛需要层次理论为视角
Research on the Effectiveness of Ideological and Political Education in Colleges and Universities—From the Perspective of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory

马斯洛提出的需要层次理论，通过分析人的不同需要层次，揭示了需要与动机行为之间的内在联系。这一理论为高校思想政治教育提供了重要的理论指导，对于提升高校思想政治教育工作的实效性具有深远意义。思想政治教育工作者应当以学生的需要特点为基础，深入了解其成长发展规律，掌握不同阶段学生的心理变化和需要变化，有针对性地开展教育实践工作。注重需要的多样性，不断丰富思想政治教育内容；注重需要的变动性，与时俱进改进思想政治教育方法；注重需要的层次性，设置合理的思想政治教育目标；注重需要的动力性，加强思想政治教育的激励作用。
Maslow’s theory of hierarchy of needs reveals the inner relation between needs and motivated be-havior by analyzing different levels of human needs. This theory provides important theoretical guidance for ideological and political education in colleges and universities, and has far-reaching significance for improving the effectiveness of ideological and political education in colleges and universities. Ideological and political educators should, based on the characteristics of students’ needs, deeply understand the law of their growth and development, master the psychological changes and needs of students at different stages, and carry out educational practice in a targeted way; pay attention to the diversity of needs, and constantly enrich the content of ideological and po-litical education; pay attention to the change of needs and improve the methods of ideological and political education with The Times; pay attention to the hierarchy of needs, set up reasonable ideo-logical and political education objectives; pay attention to the dynamic nature of needs and strengthen the motivating role of ideological and political education.