世界遗产视角下明清故宫的保护、管理与可持续发展研究
Research on the Protection, Management and Sustainable Development of the Imperial Palace in the Ming and Qing Dynasties from the Perspective of World Heritage

北京紫禁城是五个多世纪(公元1416~1911年)的最高权力中心，明清两代帝王的官邸，在随后的505年中见证了14位明朝皇帝和10位清朝皇帝的登基。明清故宫不仅是中国封建社会后期国家权力的中心，也是中华文明的历史见证。明清故宫是第一批全国重点保护单位，同时也是世界遗产和世界五大宫殿之首。因此，研究明清故宫的保护、管理措施、法律法规对促进其可持续发展有着极为重要的意义。本文针对明清故宫进行研究，利用奥维互动地图将明清故宫和世界遗产中主要皇宫进行绘图定位，大大提高了精准度，并将明清故宫与世界遗产中其他皇宫的特征进行对比，分析其管理保护现状和存在的问题。结合其自身特点，从而有针对性地提出管理、保护和可持续发展建议。
The Forbidden City in Beijing is the supreme power center for more than five centuries (1416~1911 AD). It is the official residence of the emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the following 505 years, it witnessed the accession of 14 emperors of the Ming Dynasty and 10 emperors of the Qing Dynasty. The Imperial Palace in the Ming and Qing Dynasties is not only the center of state power in the late feudal society of China, but also the historical witness of Chinese civilization. The Imperial Palace in the Ming and Qing Dynasties is the first batch of national key protection units, and also the first of the world heritage and the world’s five palaces. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the protection, management measures, laws and regulations of the Imperial Palace in the Ming and Qing Dynasties to promote its sustainable development. This paper studies the Forbidden City of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and uses the O map software to map and locate the Forbidden City of the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the main imperial palaces in the world heritage, which greatly improves the accuracy. It also compares the characteristics of the Forbidden City of the Ming and Qing Dynasties with other imperial palaces in the world heritage, and analyzes its management and protection status and existing problems. Combined with its own characteristics, it puts forward suggestions on management, protection and sustainable development.