Calcium-Magnesium Ca/Mg Ratios and Their Agronomic Implications for the Optimization of Phosphate Fertilization in Rainfed Rice Farming on Acidic Ferralsol in the Forest Zone of Ivory Coast
This
study is a contribution to improving rice productivity on acidic plateau soils
of the tropical rainforest zone. It is based on taking into account the
cationic balances of the soil in order to optimize the phosphorus (P) nutrition
of rice on these acidic soils, where this nutrient constitutes a limiting
factor for agricultural production. Three (3) pot trials were conducted in
Adiopodoumé in the forested south of Côte d’Ivoire. The interactive effects of
calcium carbonate (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg Ca ha−1) and magnesium
sulfate (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg Mg ha−1) were evaluated on the response
of NERICA 5 rice at doses 0, 25, 50 and 75 kg P ha−1 of natural
phosphate from Togo, applied only once at the start of the experiment.
Additional fertilizers of nitrogen (N) (100 kg N ha−1) and potassium
(K) (50 kg KCl ha−1) were added to each of the tests in a split-plot
device. The test results revealed a paddy production potential of approximately
3 to 5 t⋅ha−1 for NERICA 5 on an acidic soil, under the effect of
the interaction of P, Ca and Mg. The quadratic response of rice yield to the
doses of these fertilizers would be more dependent on their balance, itself
influenced by Ca nutrition. For the sustainability and maintenance of rice
production in agro-ecology studied, it was recommended doses of 38 kg Ca ha−1,
34 kg Mg ha−1 in a Ca/Mg ratio (1/1) with intakes of 41 kg P ha−1,
overall in a ratio 1/1/1 (P/Ca/Mg) more favorable to the availability of free
iron considered a guiding element of mineral nutrition. Thus, these promising
results should be confirmed in a real environment for better management of the
fertilization of rice cultivated on acidic plateau soils in Côte d’Ivoire.
Koné, B., Amadji, G.L., Aliou, S., Diatta, S. and Akakpo, C. (2011) Nutrient Constraint and Yield Potential of Rice on Upland Soil in the South of Dahomey Gap of West Africa. Archive of Agronomy and Soil Science, 57, 763-774.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2010.489554
[3]
Koné, B., Sylvester, O., Diatta, S., Somado, E., Kotchi, V. and Sahrawat, K.L. (2011) Response of Interspecific and Sativa Upland Rices to Mali Phosphate Rock and Soluble Phosphate Fertilizer. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 57, 421-434.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340903563382
[4]
Konan, K.F., Koné, B., Koné, W.A., Traoré, M.J., N’gazoua, K.R., Akassimadou, E.F., Zadi, F., Yao, G.F., Yao-Kouamé, A. and Koné, D. (2017) Soil Organic Carbon as Observed in Lowlands of Continuous Rice Cropping in Guinea Savanna Ecology towards an Improvement of Organic Matter Amendment. Journal of Research in Environmental and Earth Science, 3, 25-34.
[5]
Fairhurst, T.H. and Warren, G.P. (1992) Fertilizer Phosphorus: Sorption and Residual Value in Tropical African Soils. Natural Resources Institute, Chatham.
[6]
Fageria, N.K., Baligar, V.C. and Li, Y.C. (2008) The Role of Nutrient Efficient Plants in Improving Crop Yield in the Twenty First Century. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 31, 1121-1157. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904160802116068
[7]
Sahrawat, K.L., Jones, M.P., Diatta, S. and Adam, A. (2001) Response of Upland Rice to Fertilizer Value in Value in an Ultisol. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 32, 2457-2468. https://doi.org/10.1081/CSS-120000384
[8]
Mokwunye, A., Jager, U.A. and Smaling, E.M. (1996) Restoring and Maintaining the Productivity of West Africa Soils. Key to Sustainable Development. International Fertilizer Development Center-Africa, Lomé.
[9]
Sahrawat, K.L., Jones, M.P., Diatta, S. and Sika, M. (2003) Long-Term Phosphorus Fertilizer Uptake, Efficiency and Recovery by Upland Tick on Ultisol. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 34, 999-1011.
https://doi.org/10.1081/CSS-120019105
[10]
Konan, K.F., Koné, B., Nangah, K.Y., N’gazoua, K.R., Traoré, M.J., Zadi, F., Yao, G.F., Kouadio, K.H. and Yao-Kouamé, A. (2017) Yield Gap as Occurring in Lowland Rice Cropping under Guinea Savanna Ecology: Spatial and Temporal Diagnosis for Fixing Research Priority. Journal of Agriculture and Crops, 3, 51-64.
[11]
Koné, B. (2014) Sustaining Rice Production in Tropical Africa: Coping with Rice Yield Gap and Declining Yield. Lap Lambert, Saarbrücken.
[12]
Sahrawat, K.L. (2009) The Role of Tolerant Genotypes and Plant Nutrients in Reducing Acid-Soil Infertility in Upland Rice Ecosystem: An Appraisal. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 55, 597-607.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340902887824
[13]
Sahrawat, K.L., Jones, M.P. and Diatta, S. (1999) Phosphorus, Calcium, and Magnesium Fertilization Effects on Upland Rice in an Ultisol. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 30, 1201-1208.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00103629909370278
[14]
Koné, B., N’guessan, K.A., Touré, N., Doumbia, Y. and Sié, M. (2015) Nutrient Constraints in a Sahel Valley Land for Irrigated Rice Cultivation. Advances in Applied Agricultural Science, 3, 65-73.
[15]
Brou, Y.T. (2005) Climates, Socio-Economic Changes and Landscapes in Ivory Coast. Mémoire de l’Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Lille.
[16]
Whitty, E.B., Wright, D.L. and Chambliss, C.G. (2005) Liming of Agronomic Crops.
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/aa128
[17]
Yao, G.F., Koné, B., Yoboué, K.E., Kassin, K.E., Akassimadou, E.F., Kouadio, K.K.H., Kouassi, K.N. and Yao-Kouamé, A. (2014) Growth and Yield of an Interspecific (Oryza sativa × Oryza glaberrima) Rice Cultivar as Affected by Phosphorus and Calcium Effects on Acid Ferralsol. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 9, 6031-6044.
[18]
WARDA (2006) Africa Rice Center, 2006. Toxicity in West African Rice Systems, Cotonou.
[19]
Gee, G.W. and Bauder, J.W. (1986) Particle-Size Analysis. In: Klute, A., Ed., Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Methods, Agronomy Monograph No. 9 (2nd Edition), American Society of Agronomy/Soil Science Society of America, Madison, 383-411. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser5.1.2ed.c15
[20]
Walkley, A. and Black, A. (1934) Study of the DEGT JAREFF Method for the Dosage of Organic Matter, Modification Made to the Dosage of Chromic Acid. Soil Science, 37, 29-38. https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-193401000-00003
[21]
Nelson, D.W. and Sommers, L.E. (1982) Total Carbon, Organic C and Organic Matter. In: Page, A.L., Miller, R.H. and Keeny, D.R., Eds., Methods of Soils Analysis, Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties (2nd Edition), American Society of Agronomy/Soil Science Society of America, Madison, 539-577
[22]
Bremner, J.M. (1996) Nitrogen Total. In: Sparks, D.L., Ed., Methods of Soil Analysis Part 3: Chemical Methods, SSSA Book Series 5, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, 1085-1122. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser5.3.c37
[23]
Olsen, S.R. and Sommers, L.E. (1982) Phosphorus. In: Page, A.L., Ed., Methods of Soil Analysis Part 2 Chemical and Microbiological Properties, American Society of Agronomy/Soil Science Society of America, Madison, 403-430.
https://doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr9.2.2ed.c24
[24]
Thomas, G.W. (1982) Exchangeable Cations. In: Miller, R.H. and Keeney, D.R., Eds., Methods of Soils Analysis, Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties (2nd Edition), American Society of Agronomy, Madison, 159-164.
[25]
Lindsay, W.L. and Norvell, W.A. (1978) Development of a DTPA Soil Test for Zinc, Iron, Manganese, and Copper. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 42, 421-428.
https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1978.03615995004200030009x
[26]
Van Der Zee, S.E.A.T.M., Fokkink, L.G.J. and Van Riemsdijk, W.H. (1987) A New Technique for Assessment of Reversibly Adsorbed Phosphate. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 51, 599-604.
https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1987.03615995005100030009x
[27]
Breeuwsma, A. and Reijerink, I.G.A. (1993) Phosphate Saturated Soils: A New Environmental Issue. In: Ter Meulen, G.R.B., Stigliani, W.M., Salomons, W., Bridges, E.M. and Imeson, A.C., eds., Chemical Time Bombs, The Foundation for Eco development, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands, 79-85.
[28]
Gervy, R. (1970) Phosphates and Agriculture. édition Dunod, Paris.
[29]
Haynes, R.J. and Mokolobate, M.S. (2001) Amelioration of Al Toxicity and P Deficiency in Acid Soils by Organic Residues: A Critical Review of Phenomena and the Mechanisms Involved. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 59, 47-63.
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009823600950
[30]
Abekoe, M.K. and Sahrawat, K.L. (2001) Phosphate Retention and Extractability in Soils of the Humid Zone in West Africa. Geoderma, 102, 175-187.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7061(00)00110-5
[31]
Mkhabelaa, M.S. and Warman, P.R. (2005) The Influence of Municipal Solid Waste Compost on Yield, Soil Phosphorus Availability and Uptake by Two Vegetable Crops Grown in a Pugwash Sandy Loam Soil in Nova Scotia. Agronomy, Ecosystems & Approximately, 106, 57-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2004.07.014
[32]
Brady, N.C. and Weil, R. (2002) The Soils around Us; Chapter 4: Soil Architecture. In: Brady, N.C. and Weil, R., Eds., The Nature and Properties of Soils (13th Edition), Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, 1-30.
[33]
Akhtar, M.S., Richards, B.K., Medrano, P.A., DeGroot, M. and Steenhuis, T.S. (2003) Dissolved Phosphorus from Undisturbed Soil Cores: Related to Adsorption Strength, Flow Rate or Soil Structure. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 67, 458-470. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.4580
[34]
Datnoff, L.E., Elmer, W.H. and Huber, D.M. (2007) Mineral Nutrition and Planar Disease. The American Physiological Society, St. Paul Minnesota.
[35]
Lynch, J.P. (2007) Roots of the Second Green Revolution. Australian Journal of Botany, 55, 493-512. https://doi.org/10.1071/BT06118
Fauck, R., Moureaux, C. and Thomann, C. (1969) Reviews of the Evolution of the Soils of Sefa (Casamance, Senegal) after 15 Years of Continuous Cultivation. Tropical Agronomy, 3, 263-301.
[39]
Lompo, F. (2009) Induced Effects of Fertility Management Methods on Phosphorus States and the Solubilization of Natural Phosphates in Two Acidic Soils of Burkina Faso. Master’s Thesis, University of Cocody, Abidjan.
[40]
Kotchi, V. (2012) Contribution to the Study of the Availability of Phosphorus in Soils: Case of Acidic Soils in the Humid Tropical Regions of Cote d’Ivoire. Master’s Thesis, University of Cocody, Abidjan.
[41]
Sahrawat, K.L. (2000) Determining Fertilizer Phosphorus Requirement of Upland Rice. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 31, 1195-1208.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00103620009370507