基于多元统计方法的全国消费支出分类和差异研究
Research on the Classification and Difference of Consumption Expenditure in China Based on Multivariate Statistics

本文主要以我国31个省、自治区和直辖市的经济发展水平为研究对象，选取能反映经济发展水平的8项人均消费支出为变量，通过平行坐标图、星图、热图和聚类图等可视化得到分类差异，接着使用聚类分析和主成分分析对各地区的消费水平进行分类，最后分析差异并给出部分结论及建议。各地区消费支出存在明显的差异与规律，其中食品烟酒、居住和交通通信是绝大部分地区消费支出的主要构成部分且表现出一定的地区特征，具有较强的异质性。基于此，建议政府加强重视消费支出的数据分析，及时了解各地区消费趋势及其对于经济社会发展的影响；鼓励消费者合理分配消费支出，使其多元化、合理化，推动各地区消费结构的升级；希望进一步激发中西部地区消费潜力，推动经济发展的全面均衡等。
This paper mainly takes the economic development level of 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government as the research object, and selects 8 per cap-ita consumption expenditures that can reflect the economic development level as variables. The classification differences were obtained through the visualization of parallel coordinate maps, star maps, heat maps and cluster maps, and then the consumption levels of each region were classified by cluster analysis and principal component analysis; finally, the differences were analyzed and some conclusions and suggestions were given. There are obvious differences and patterns in con-sumer expenditure in different regions, among which food, tobacco and alcohol, housing, transpor-tation and communication are the main components of consumer expenditure in most regions, and they show certain regional characteristics and have strong heterogeneity. Based on this, it is sug-gested that the government should pay more attention to the data analysis of consumer expendi-ture, and keep abreast of the consumption trends in various regions and their impact on economic and social development. Encourage consumers to rationally allocate consumption spending, diver-sify and rationalize it, and promote the upgrading of consumption structure in various regions; it is hoped that the consumption potential of the central and western regions will be further stimulated and the economic development will be comprehensively balanced.