非结核分枝杆菌感染药敏测试与治疗方案的研究进展
Advances in Drug Sensitivity Testing and Treatment Regimens for Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections

结核病一直是全球公共卫生的重大问题，而NTM感染作为结核病之外的重要病原体，近年来引起了广泛关注。NTM感染涉及多个器官系统，包括肺部、皮肤和软组织，其临床表现多样，给诊断和治疗带来挑战。药敏测试在NTM感染管理中发挥关键作用，通过准确识别感染的分枝杆菌种类和评估其对抗生素的敏感性，为个体化治疗提供了依据。然而，由于NTM种类繁多和耐药性问题，药敏测试结果对于制定有效治疗方案至关重要。文章详细探讨了各种药敏测试方法，包括传统检测法、PCR检测法、基因芯片法等。此外，研究还总结了当前的治疗方案，包括免疫抑制治疗、抗生素治疗、联合治疗等。通过深入研究非结核分枝杆菌感染的药物敏感性和治疗策略，文章旨在为医疗工作者提供科学、合理的指导，以提高非结核分枝杆菌感染的临床管理水平，改善患者的生存质量。
Tuberculosis (TB) has been a major global public health problem, and NTM infection, as an important pathogen other than TB, has attracted much attention in recent years. NTM infection involves multiple organ systems, including the lungs, skin, and soft tissues, and has a diverse clinical manifestation that poses a challenge for diagnosis and treatment. Pharmacovigilance testing plays a key role in the management of NTM infections, providing a basis for individualized treatment by accurately identifying the infecting Mycobacterium species and assessing their susceptibility to antibiotics. However, due to the wide variety of NTM species and the problem of drug resistance, the results of drug sensitivity testing are critical for the development of effective treatment regimens. The article discusses various drug sensitivity testing methods in detail, including traditional assays, PCR assays, and gene chip methods. In addition, the study summarizes current treatment options, including immunosuppressive therapy, antibiotic therapy, and combination therapy. Through an in-depth study of drug sensitivity and treatment strategies for nontuberculous mycobacterial infections, the article aims to provide scientific and rational guidance to healthcare workers in order to improve the clinical management of nontuberculous mycobacterial infections and the quality of patients’ survival.