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高应力下岩石损伤破裂机制研究进展
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Abstract:
随着我国隧道和地下空间迅速向深部发展，深入认识高应力下洞周围岩力学特性及损伤破裂机制对岩石地下工程施工设计和安全防护具有重要意义。从深埋岩石力学特性、声发射特征及损伤破裂机制等三个方面介绍了高应力下岩石损伤破裂机制研究进展，表明：1) 目前针对不同应力、加卸载速率等条件下的岩石变形、强度和破坏特征研究已相对成熟，但针对多场耦合等复杂环境下岩石力学特性及微细观破裂机制方面的研究还相对较少。2) 利用声发射特征参数变化规律来反演岩石破裂特征及前兆点预测的研究已较为成熟，但针对岩石峰值后残余阶段的声发射特征研究及利用声发射特征参数反演岩石损伤理论的归一化研究尚处于一个不断完善的探索阶段。3) 目前所建立的岩石统计损伤本构模型考虑了岩石材料的各向异性，使模型的计算结果更趋于实际，但大多仍处于理论阶段，有待结合室内或者现场试验验证。
With the rapid development of tunnels and underground space to the deep in China, it is of great significance to deeply understand the mechanical characteristics and damage and fracture mechanism of rock around caves under high stress for the construction design and safety protection of rock underground engineering. The research progress of rock damage and fracture mechanism under high stress is introduced from three aspects: mechanical properties, acoustic emission characteristics and damage and fracture mechanism of deep buried rock. 1) At present, studies on rock deformation, strength and failure characteristics under different stresses, loading and unloading rates have been relatively mature, but there are relatively few studies on rock mechanical properties and micro-fracture mechanisms under complex environments such as multi-field coupling. 2) The research on inversion of rock fracture characteristics and prediction of precursor points by using the variation law of acoustic emission characteristic parameters has been relatively mature, but the research on acoustic emission characteristics in the residual stage of rock after peak and the normalization of rock damage theory by using acoustic emission characteristic parameters are still in a constantly improving exploration stage. 3) Currently established rock statistical damage constitutive models take into account the anisotropy of rock materials, which makes the calculation results of the models more practical, but most of them are still in the theoretical stage and need to be combined with laboratory or field tests for verification.
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