强直性脊柱炎患者病耻感现状及其影响因素分析
Analysis of the Current Status and Influencing Factors of Stigma in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis

目的：调查强直性脊柱炎患者(ankylosing spondylitis, AS)病耻感现状并分析其影响因素。方法：采用便利抽样法，选取2021年至2022年1月于贵阳市某三级甲等医院184例强直性脊柱炎患者为研究对象，使用一般资料调查问卷、领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)和自我隐瞒量表(SCS)对184例强直性脊柱炎患者进行评估。采用单因素方差分析及t检验比较不同人口学特征的强直性脊柱炎患者病耻感得分情况；采用Pearson相关进行分析病耻感与自我隐瞒、领悟社会支持的相关性；运用多元线性回归分析其影响因素。结果：184例AS患者病耻感得分(61.73 ± 8.37)分。社会支持得分(57.41 ± 6.43)分；自我隐瞒得分(32.13 ± 3.69)分。经Pearson相关分析结果显示，领悟社会支持能力与病耻感呈负相关(？1 < r < 0)，自我隐瞒与病耻感呈正相关(0 < r < 1)。单因素分析显示，不同文化程度、病程以及家庭人均月收入患者之间的病耻感评分均有统计学差异(P < 0.05)，多元线性回归分析结果显示，文化程度、病程、家庭人均月收入、领悟社会支持、自我隐瞒均是强直性脊柱炎患者病耻感水平的影响因素(P < 0.05)。结论：强直性脊柱炎患者的病耻感处于中等水平，因此，临床护理工作者应及时对AS患者病耻感进行评估，并根据患者的文化程度、经济状况以及病程，实施有针对性的干预措施，以帮助患者降低病耻感，促进其身心健康，以改善患者预后。
Objective: To investigate the current status of stigma in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and to analyze its influencing factors. Methods: A total of 184 patients with ankylosing spondylitis in a tertiary hospital in Guiyang City from 2021 to January 2022 were selected by convenience sampling, and 184 patients with an-kylosing spondylitis were evaluated using the General Information Questionnaire, the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) and the Self-Concealment Scale (SCS). One-way analysis of variance and t-test were used to compare the stigma scores of patients with ankylosing spondylitis with different demographic characteristics. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between stigma and self-concealment and perceived social support. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors. Results: The stigma score of 184 patients with AS was (61.73 ± 8.37). The social support score was (57.41 ± 6.43); The score of self-concealment was (32.13 ± 3.69) points. The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that the ability to perceive social support was negatively correlated with stigma (？1 < r < 0), and self-concealment was positively correlated with stigma (0 < r < 1). Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in stigma scores among patients with different education levels, disease course and family per capita monthly income (P < 0.05), and multiple linear regression analysis showed that education level, disease course, family per capita monthly income, perceived social support and self-concealment were the influencing factors of stigma level in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The stigma of patients with ankylosing spondylitis is at a moderate level, therefore, clinical nurses should evaluate the stigma of patients with AS in a timely manner, and implement targeted