铜基、钯基催化剂电还原二氧化碳的研究进展
Progress in the Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide over Copper- and Palladium-Based Catalysts

随着现代社会的进步，化石能源的大量利用造成CO₂的大量排放，而CO₂作为温室气体，会对气候造成严重的变化；电化学CO₂还原(CO₂ER)技术对CO₂进行回收有较大优势，经研究表明许多材料在催化二氧化碳转化为有价值的燃料和化学品方面具有独特优势。作为电催化剂可被分为几类，包括金属、金属合金、金属氧化物、金属络合物、聚合物/团块、酶和有机分子。电催化生成的低碳燃料包括CO、HCOOH、CH₂O、CH₄、H₂C₂O₄、C₂H₄、CH₃OH、CH₃CH₂OH等等。铜(Cu)基催化剂是一类能够以较高效率将CO₂直接还原为高附加值化学品(如碳氢化合物)的催化剂，因而是ERC技术的研究重点之一，近年来，Pd基材料在CO₂还原反应中表现出独特的催化性能优势，不仅能够在一定的负电位区间高效地还原CO₂生成CO。特别是相关Pd合金催化剂还可以在接近平衡电位下高选择性地还原CO₂生成甲酸/甲酸盐。
With the progress of modern society, the massive use of fossil energy causes a large amount of CO₂ emissions, and CO₂, as a greenhouse gas, can cause serious changes to the climate; electrochemical CO₂ reduction (CO₂ER) technology has a greater advantage in recovering CO₂, and research has shown that many materials have unique advantages in catalyzing the conversion of carbon dioxide into valuable fuels and chemicals. As electrocatalysts, it can be categorized into several groups in-cluding metals, metal alloys, metal oxides, metal complexes, polymers/clusters, enzymes and or-ganic molecules. Low carbon fuels generated by electrocatalysis include CO, HCOOH, CH₂O, CH₄, H₂C₂O₄, C₂H₄, CH₃OH, CH₃CH₂OH, and others. Copper (Cu)-based catalysts are a class of catalysts capable of directly reducing CO₂ to high value-added chemicals (e.g., hydrocarbons) with high effi-ciency, and thus are one of the research focuses of ERC technology. In recent years, Pd-based ma-terials have demonstrated a unique catalytic performance advantage in CO₂ reduction reaction, which is not only capable of efficiently reducing CO₂ to generate CO₂ in a certain negative potential interval, but also the relevant Pd alloy catalysts can be highly selective in reducing CO₂ to generate formic acid/formate at near-equilibrium potentials. Catalysts can also reduce CO₂ to formic ac-id/formate with high selectivity at near equilibrium potentials.