黑龙江省降雪的湿清除作用及影响因素
Wet Removal Effect and Influencing Factors of Snowfall in Heilongjiang Province

黑龙江省为中国东北地区重要的城市，由于工业发展及城市建设和人口增加，空气污染日益严重。黑龙江省冬季降雪极为丰富，研究表明降雪对空气污染物具有清除作用。本文采用黑龙江省生态环境厅及中央气象台等实时数据，运用线性拟合等多种分析法，研究黑龙江降雪对6种具体污染物包括固态污染物(PM_2.5、PM₁₀)和气态污染物(O₃、CO、SO₂、NO₂)的湿清除作用的影响机制。结果表明，降雪量和降雪时间对污染物湿清除作用均有影响，其中对PM_2.5、PM₁₀这两类大气颗粒物污染的湿清除作用最为明显，且呈显著正相关。在降雪量、降雪时间与清除效率的关系上，NO₂和CO这两类气态污染物，其他污染物的浓度均值都存在负相关关系。且降雪时间对O₃还是存在着一定的影响，及随强度增加清除作用减小的负相关。
Heilongjiang Province is an important city in Northeast China, and air pollution is becoming in-creasingly severe due to industrial development, urban construction and population growth. Hei-longjiang Province is extremely rich in winter snowfall, and studies have shown that snowfall has a scavenging effect on air pollutants. In this paper, we used real-time data from the ecological en-vironment of Heilongjiang Province and the Central Meteorological Observatory to study the in-fluence mechanism of snowfall in Heilongjiang Province on the wet removal of six specific pollutants, including solid pollutants (PM_2.5 and PM₁₀) and gaseous pollutants (O₃, CO, SO₂ and NO₂), by using linear fitting and other multi-method analysis methods. The results showed that both snowfall and snowfall time had an impact on the wet removal of pollutants, and the wet removal effect on PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ was the most obvious, and there was a significant positive correlation. In terms of the relationship between snowfall amount, snowfall time and removal efficiency, there was a negative correlation between the concentrations of NO₂ and CO, two gaseous pollutants, and the average concentrations of other pollutants. Moreover, there is a certain effect of snowfall time on O₃, and there is a negative correlation with the decrease of scavenging effect with the increase of intensity.