基于基尼系数的江苏省水资源空间均衡性评价
Spatial Equilibrium Evaluation of Water Resources in Jiangsu Province Based on Gini Coefficient

水资源空间均衡影响到经济持续稳定发展、国家水网建设、生态环境持续发展。而实现均衡的路径是以水资源、水生态、水环境承载能力作为约束，促进经济社会发展与水资源条件的匹配。本研究以江苏省13个地级市为研究单元，构建水资源–人口、水资源–第二产业、水资源–播种面积几个匹配关系，利用基尼系数、不平衡指数等方法对江苏省水资源在空间中的均衡程度进行评价，进而揭示江苏省水资源空间的不均衡性和时空变化规律。研究结果表明：江苏省经济、社会的发展水平与用水量比较不适应。各地市水资源、经济社会发展水平均存在较大差异。
The spatial balance of water resources affects the sustainable and stable development of economy, the construction of national water network and the sustainable development of ecological envi-ronment. The way to achieve equilibrium is to take water resources, water ecology and water en-vironment carrying capacity as constraints to promote the match between economic and social development and water resources conditions. This study takes 13 prefecture-level cities in Jiangsu Province as the research unit, constructs several matching relationships between water resources and population, water resources and secondary industry, water resources and sown area, and eval-uates the spatial equilibrium degree of water resources in Jiangsu Province by using Gini coefficient, imbalance index and other methods, and then reveals the spatial imbalance and spatio- temporal change law of water resources in Jiangsu Province. The results show that the level of economic and social development in Jiangsu Province is not suitable for water consumption. There are great differences in water resources, economic and social development in different cities.