Due to its ability to cause illnesses and discomfort even at low
concentrations, formaldehyde pollution of indoor air poses a significant risk
to human health. Sources of formaldehyde in indoor environments include
textiles, paints, wallpapers, glues, adhesives, varnishes, and lacquers;
furniture and wooden products like particleboard, plywood, and medium-density
fiberboard that contain formaldehyde-based resins; shoe products; cosmetics;
electronic devices; and other consumer goods like paper products and
insecticides. According to the World Health Organisation, indoor formaldehyde concentrations
shouldn’t exceed 0.1 mg/m3. The methods include membrane separation,
plasma, photocatalytic decomposition, physisorption, chemisorption, biological
and botanical filtration, and catalytic oxidation. Materials based on metal
oxides and supported noble metals work as oxidation catalysts.Consequently,
a paint that passively eliminates aldehydes from buildings can be developed by
adding absorbents and formaldehyde scavengers to the latex composition. It will
be crucial to develop techniques for the careful detection and removal of
formaldehyde in the future. Additionally, microbial decomposition is less
expensive and produces fewer pollutants. The main goal of future research will
be to develop a biological air quality control system that will boost the
effectiveness of formaldehyde elimination. The various methods of removing
formaldehyde through paints have been reviewed here, including the use of mixed
metal oxides, formaldehyde-absorbing emulsions, nano titanium dioxide,
catalytic oxidation, and aromatic formaldehyde abating materials that can
improve indoor air quality.
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