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Immunology Studies 2024
免疫治疗在肿瘤治疗中的应用综述
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Abstract:
癌症是对生命构成最为严重威胁的疾病之一，现有的癌症治疗方法包括手术切除原发肿瘤、放疗和化疗等，但目前防止肿瘤转移扩散的效果并不理想。随着对耐受性、免疫性和免疫抑制调节抗肿瘤免疫反应的认识的不断提高，以及靶向治疗方法的出现，这些成功案例对患者的治愈率和存活率具有相当重大的意义。目前，对于免疫治疗的研究中，许多国内外学者提出了许多切实有效的治疗方法，包括免疫检查点抑制剂、CAR-T细胞疗法、疫苗治疗以及综合免疫治疗策略。为了在实际中更高效便捷地治疗肿瘤，本文综述了现有研究中免疫治疗的原理以及常用的几种免疫疗法，为临床应用提供一定的指导建议。
Cancer is one of the most serious life-threatening diseases. Existing cancer treatments, including surgical removal of the primary tumor, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, are not currently effective in preventing metastatic spread of tumors. With the increasing understanding of tolerance, im-munity and immunosuppression to regulate anti-tumor immune responses, and the emergence of targeted therapies, these successes are of considerable significance to the cure rate and survival rate of patients. Currently, many domestic and foreign scholars have proposed many effective ther-apeutic methods for immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cell therapy, vaccine therapy, and comprehensive immunotherapy strategies. In order to treat tumors more effi-ciently and conveniently in practice, this article reviews the principles of immunotherapy and sev-eral commonly used immunotherapies in the existing research, and provides certain guidance for clinical application.
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