漓江流域农村居民点时空格局及分异研究
Study on the Spatio-Temporal Patterns and Differentiation of Rural Settlements in the Lijiang River Basin

本文基于1980年、2000年、2020年3期遥感影像数据提取漓江流域农村居民点时空分布信息，综合运用景观格局指数、核密度分析、地理探测器等研究方法，分析了1980~2020年漓江流域耕地、林地、草地、水域、其他建设用地、未利用地和农村居民点的面积变化情况，并重点分析了农村居民点的时空格局及分异的特征及其驱动因子。结果表明：40年间，1980~2000年漓江流域农村居民点数量变化不明显，其数量在2000年后发生显著变化。在规模上，居民点斑块的规模变大，斑块数量减少，斑块密度下降，研究区农村居民点整体呈扩张趋势；并且农村居民点在规模上呈现高密度小规模分布和低密度大规模分布。在形态特征上，农村居民点斑块更破碎、更复杂，聚集程度高。在空间分布格局上，农村居民点核密度呈现出“低密度广泛分布，整体分散和局部聚集”的点状分布特征，空间分异显著。研究区农村居民点时空格分异主要受DEM、NDVI和气温影响，且多种因素交互影响着研究区农村居民点的发展。研究结果对漓江流域土地利用结构调整和乡村振兴战略的实施有一定的参考价值。
This article extracts spatio-temporal distribution information of rural settlements in the Lijiang River Basin based on remote sensing images from 1980, 2000, and 2020. By utilizing landscape pattern indices, kernel density analysis, and geographic detectors, this study analyzes the changes in area for cultivated land, forest land, grassland, water bodies, other construction land, unused land, and rural settlements in the Lijiang River Basin from 1980 to 2020. The study focuses on the spatio-temporal patterns and differentiation characteristics of rural settlements and their driving factors. The results show that the number of rural settlements in the Lijiang River Basin did not change significantly from 1980 to 2000, but experienced significant changes after 2000. In terms of scale, the size of settlement patches increased, the number of patches decreased, and patch density decreased, indicating an overall expansion trend of rural settlements in the study area. Rural settlements exhibited high-density small-scale distribution and low-density large-scale distribution. In terms of morphological characteristics, settlement patches became more fragmented and complex, and exhibited high degrees of aggregation. In terms of spatial distribution patterns, the kernel density of rural settlements showed a point distribution pattern characterized by “low-density widespread distribution, overall dispersion, and local aggregation”, with significant spatial differentiation. The spatial-temporal differentiation of rural residential areas in the study area is mainly influenced by DEM, NDVI, and temperature, and multiple factors interact to affect the development of rural residential areas in the study area. The research findings provide reference value for the adjustment of land use structure and the implementation of rural revitalization strategies in the Lijiang River Basin.