Prevalence and Factors Associated with Positivity of Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA) Patterns, Native Anti-DNA and Extractable Nuclear Antigens (ENA) Antibodies: Experience from a Laboratory in Dakar
Background: Diagnosis of autoimmune diseases (AID) is challenging, due to
overlapping features with other non-immune disorders. Anti-nuclear antibodies
(ANA) are sensitive screening tests but anti-deoxyribonucleic acid-antibody
(anti-DNA), and anti-extractable nuclear antigens (anti-ENA) are specific for
AIDs. We aimed to look at ANA patterns in our patients and correlated them with
anti-ENA for proper interpretation and better patient management
cost-effectively. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted over 1 year
from January to December 2022 who were tested for ANA at biology medical
laboratory of Pasteur Institute of Dakar. Anti-ENA and anti-DNA results were
also analyzed for ANA-positive patients. Statistical analysis was performed
using STATA 14.0, p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: 216 patients were analyzed. Women predominated at 79.2% and mean age was 48
years [CI 95%, 46-50], with extremes of 10 and 89. Most represented age
group was [41-60] with 38%. ANA was positive in 27 (12.5%) of
patients, 59.2% of whom were strongly positive (titer of 1/1000, 1/3200 or
1/6400). The most common pattern was nuclear speckled, which was found in 77.8%
of samples. Anti-ENA and anti-DNA positivity in ANA-positive patients was found
respectively in 63% (17/27) and 1.4% (3/27) of the samples analyzed. Most
commonly identified anti-ENA was anti-Sm 29.6%, anti-SSA 29.6%, anti-Ro-52
25.9%, anti-RNP 18.5% and anti-SSB 14.8% which was associated with speckled
pattern. Association results indicated a significant
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