黑龙江省人口数量时空变化分析
Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Changes of Population in Heilongjiang Province

本文以我国黑龙江省的13个地级市为研究对象，主要对2015~2019年黑龙江省13个地级市的年末总人口相关数据进行比较研究，并采用人口自然增长率、人口密度、人口不均衡指数以及变异系数等方法分析了近五年黑龙江省人口的时间变化特征和空间变化特征，为黑龙江省今后的发展规划，人才引进提供了一定的依据。研究结果表明：从时间上：(1) 黑龙江省总人口在研究期间内一直呈现负增长的模式，人口自然增长率一直呈现负值，且2017到2019年间人口负增长速度逐渐加快；(2) 各地级市人口在研究期间内增长幅度与黑龙江省人口数量增长略有差异，但是总体上人口呈负增长的城市占绝大多数。从空间上：(1) 西南部城市人口密度最高，东部城市人口密度处于中等水平，北部两个城市人口密度最低；(2) 东部城市群人口分布最均衡，北部城市群人口最分散；(3) 西南部城市群年末平均人口数量变异系数值最高，北部城市群年末平均人口数量变异系数值中等，东部城市群年末平均人口数量变异系数值较低。说明西南部城市群受高校数量、城市发展等因素影响人口流动性较大。
Taking 13 prefecture-level cities in Heilongjiang Province as the research object, this paper mainly conducts a comparative study on the year-end population data of 13 prefecture-level cities in Heilongjiang Province from 2015 to 2019. By using the methods of natural population growth rate, population density, population concentration index and coefficient of variation, this paper analyzes the temporal and spatial characteristics of population change in Heilongjiang Province in recent five years, which provides a certain basis for the future development planning and talent introduction of Heilongjiang Province. The results show that: In terms of time: (1) The total population of Heilongjiang Province has been showing a negative growth pattern during the study period, and the natural population growth rate has been showing a negative rate, and the negative population growth rate has gradually accelerated from 2017 to 2019; (2) The population growth rate of prefecture-level cities during the study period is slightly different from that of Heilongjiang Province, but the majority of cities with negative population growth in general. From the perspective of space: (1) The population density of the southwest city is the highest, the population density of the eastern city is in the middle level, and the population density of the northern two cities is the lowest; (2) The population distribution in the eastern urban agglomeration is the most balanced, while the population in the northern urban agglomeration is the most dispersed; (3) The coefficient of variation of the average population size at the end of the year is the highest in the southwest urban agglomerations, the coefficient of variation of the average population size at the end of the year in the northern urban agglomerations is medium, and the coefficient of variation of the average population size at the end of the year in the eastern urban agglomerations is low. It shows that the population mobility of the southwest urban agglomeration is greatly affected by the number of universities, urban development and other factors.