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鄂尔多斯土地利用变化及驱动力分析
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Abstract:
土地利用/覆被变化(Land-Use and Land-Cover Change, LUCC)的监测及其驱动因素分析是土地变化科学的基础和关键。分析研究土地利用变化及其驱动力，是理解土地利用变化过程、调整优化土地利用结构、完善土地管理体制，推进多元化生态治理，促进区域可持续发展的重要科学基础。本文选取鄂尔多斯为研究区，基于2000、2010、2020年的CLCD土地利用数据和共15个驱动因素为支撑，厘清研究区土地利用变化时空脉络，刻画草地退化和恢复动态过程，分析研究区重大生态治理工程、驱动因素、土地利用变化和草地退化/恢复之间的关系。研究结果表明：在过去二十年期间，约有20%的研究区国土面积发生土地利用转化，主要表现为草地面积增加、裸地面积明显缩减、农田面积增加和不透水面面积扩张；草地退化面积明显大于草地恢复面积，退化过程集中在研究区西部旗县，恢复过程集中在东部欠发达旗县；研究区土地利用变化是由研究区重大生态治理工程和研究区社会经济驱动因素进程造成的。
The monitoring of Land-Use and Land-Cover Change (LUCC) and its driver analysis are the basis and key of land change science. Analyzing and studying changes in land use and their driving forces are essential scientific foundations for understanding the process of land use change, adjusting and optimizing the structure of land use, improving land management systems, advancing diversified ecological governance, and promoting the sustainable development of the region. This article selects Ordos as the study area, based on the CLCD land use data for the years 2000, 2010, and 2020, supported by a total of 15 driving factors. It aims to clarify the spatiotemporal context of land use changes in the study area, depict the dynamic processes of grassland degradation and restoration, and analyze the relationships between major ecological governance projects, driving factors, land use changes, and grassland degradation/restoration in the study area. The research results indicate that over the past two decades, approximately 20% of the study area’s national land area has undergone land use transformation. This is primarily manifested by an increase in grassland area, a significant reduction in bare land area, an expansion of farmland area, and an increase in impervious surface area. The area of grassland degradation is significantly greater than the area of grassland restoration. The degradation process is concentrated in the western counties of the study area, while the restoration process is concentrated in the underdeveloped counties in the east. The land use changes in the study area are a result of significant ecological governance projects and socioeconomic driving factors in the study area.
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