全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

The Effects of Age and Ejaculatory Abstinence on Semen Quality and Reproductive Hormones in Africa and the Middle East

DOI: 10.4236/arsci.2024.122009, PP. 98-115

Keywords: Africa, Middle East, Reproductive Hormones, Semen Quality

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the effects of male age and ejaculatory abstinence on semen parameters and reproductive hormones among men residing in Africa and the Middle East. A total of 70,142 semen analysis results were analysed and grouped according to the age intervals (16 - 20, 21 - 30, 31 - 40, 41 - 50, 51 - 60, >60) and ejaculatory abstinence (<2 days, 2 - 5 days and >5 days). Semen parameters i.e. volume, concentration, progressive motility, total progressively motile count, morphology, total normal sperm count, DNA fragmentation, viability, sORP, normed sORP were specifically evaluated. Additionally, for each age interval, reproductive hormones i.e. estradiol, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, testosterone and prolactin were evaluated. Semen volume, total progressively motile count, sperm morphology and total normal sperm count constantly decrease significantly after the age of 30 years. Sperm

References

[1]  Barratt, C.L. (2007) Semen Analysis Is the Cornerstone of Investigation for Male Infertility. Practitioner, 251, 8-10.
[2]  Agarwal, A., Baskaran, S., Parekh, N., et al. (2021) Male Infertility. The Lancet, 397, 319-333.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32667-2
[3]  Centola, G.M. and Eberly, S. (1999) Seasonal Variations and Age-Related Changes in Human Sperm Count, Motility, Motion Parameters, Morphology, and White Blood Cell Concentration. Fertility and Sterility, 72, 803-808.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(99)00395-7
[4]  Chen, Z., Toth, T., Godfrey-Bailey, L., et al. (2003) Seasonal Variation and Age-Re- lated Change in Human Semen Parameters. Journal of Andrology, 24, 226-231.
https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1939-4640.2003.tb02666.x
[5]  Eskenazi, B., Wyrobek, A.J., Sloter, E., et al. (2003) The Association of Age and Semen Quality in Healthy Men. Human Reproduction, 18, 447-454.
https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deg107
[6]  Harris, I.D., Fronczak, C., Roth, L. and Meacham, R.B. (2011) Fertility and the Aging Male. Reviews in Urology, 13, 184-190.
[7]  Johnson, S.L., Dunleavy, J., Gemmell, N.J. and Nakagawa, S. (2015) Consistent Age-Dependent Declines in Human Semen Quality: A Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis. Ageing Research Reviews, 19, 22-33.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2014.10.007
[8]  Li, W.N., Jia, M.M. and Peng, Y.Q. (2019) Semen Quality Pattern and Age Threshold: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study of 71,623 Infertile Men in China, between 2011 and 2017. Reproductive Bioliogy and Endocrinology, 17, Article No. 107.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-019-0551-2
[9]  Agarwal, A., Gupta, S., Du Plessis, S., et al. (2016) Abstinence Time and Its Impact on Basic and Advanced Semen Parameters. Urology, 94, 102-210.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2016.03.059
[10]  Ayad, B.M., Horst, G.V. and Plessis, S.S. (2018) Revisiting the Relationship between the Ejaculatory Abstinence Period and Semen Characteristics. International Journal of Fertility and Sterility, 11, 238-246.
[11]  Akhigbe, R.E., Hamed, M.A., Dutta, S. and Sengupta, P. (2022) Influence of Ejaculatory Abstinence Period on Semen Quality of 5165 Normozoospermic and Oligozoospermic Nigerian Men: A Retrospective Study. Health Science Reports, 5, e722.
https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.722
[12]  Taffet, G.E. (2023). Physiology of Aging. In: Wasserman, M.R., Bakerjian, D., Linnebur, S., Brangman, S., Cesari, M. and Rosen, S., Eds., Geriatric Medicine, Springer, Cham, 1-11.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01782-8_103-1
[13]  Ventura, S., Martin, J., Curtin, S. and Mathews, T. (1997) Reports of Final Natality Statistics, 1995. Monthly Vital Statistics Report, 45, 1450-1455.
[14]  Paniagua, R., Nistal, M., Sáez, F.J. and Fraile, B. (1991) Ultrastructure of the Aging Human Testis. Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique, 19, 241-260.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060190209
[15]  Mahmoud, A.M., Goemaere, S., El-Garem, Y., et al. (2003) Testicular Volume in Relation to Hormonal Indices of Gonadal Function in Community-Dwelling Elderly Men. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 88, 179-184.
https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2002-020408
[16]  Johnson, L., Petty, C.S., Porter, J.C. and Neaves, W.B. (1984) Germ Cell Degeneration during Postprophase of Meiosis and Serum Concentrations of Gonadotropins in Young Adult and Older Adult Men. Biology of Reproduction, 31, 779-784.
https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod31.4.779
[17]  Johnson, L., Petty, C.S. and Neaves, W.B. (1986) Age-Related Variation in Seminiferous Tubules in Men A Stereologic Evaluation. Journal of Andrology, 7, 316-322.
https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1939-4640.1986.tb00939.x
[18]  Veldhuis, J.D., Veldhuis, N.J., Keenan, D.M. and Iranmanesh, A. (2005) Age Diminishes the Testicular Steroidogenic Response to Repeated Intravenous Pulses of Recombinant Human LH during Acute GnRH-Receptor Blockade in Healthy Men. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 288, E775-E781.
https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00410.2004
[19]  Kidd, S.A., Eskenazi, B. and Wyrobek, A.J. (2001) Effects of Male Age on Semen Quality and Fertility: A Review of the Literature. Fertility and Sterility, 75, 237-248.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(00)01679-4
[20]  Chen, H., Hardy, M.P. and Zirkin, B.R. (2002) Age-Related Decreases in Leydig Cell Testosterone Production Are Not Restored by Exposure to LH in Vitro. Endocrinology, 143, 1637-1642.
https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.143.5.8802
[21]  Chen, G.X., Li, H.Y., Lin, Y.H., et al. (2021) The Effect of Age and Abstinence Time on Semen Quality: A Retrospective Study. Asian Journal of Andrology, 24, 73-77.
[22]  Kumar, N., Singh, A.K. and Choudhari, A.R. (2017) Impact of Age on Semen Parameters in Male Partners of Infertile Couples in a Rural Tertiary Care Center of Central India: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Reproductive Biomedicine, 8, 497-502.
[23]  Sunanda, P., Babita, P., Chidananda, D., et al. (2014) Effect of Age and Abstinence on Semen Quality: A Retrospective Study in a Teaching Hospital. Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction, 3, 134-141.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S2305-0500(14)60017-8
[24]  Shabani, K., Hosseini, S., khani, A.G. and Moghbelinejad, S. (2017) The Effects of Semen Parameters and Age on Sperm Motility of Iranian Men. Global Journal of Fertility and Research, 2, 24-29.
https://doi.org/10.17352/gjfr.000008
[25]  Oliveira, J.B.A., Petersen, C.G., Mauri, A.L., et al. (2014) The Effects of Age on Sperm Quality: An Evaluation of 1,500 Semen Samples. JBRA Assisted Reproduction, 18, 34-41.
https://doi.org/10.5935/1518-0557.20140002
[26]  Araujo, A.B. and Wittert, G.A. (2011) Endocrinology of the Aging Male. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 25, 303-319.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2010.11.004
[27]  Dudek, P., Kozakowski, J. and Zgliczyński, W. (2017) Late-Onset Hypogonadism. Menopause Review, 16, 66-69.
https://doi.org/10.5114/pm.2017.68595
[28]  Harman, S.M., Metter, E.J., Tobin, J.D., et al. (2001) Longitudinal Effects of Aging on Serum Total and Free Testosterone Levels in Healthy Men. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 86, 724-731.
https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.86.2.7219
[29]  Surampudi, P.N., Wang, C. and Swerdloff, R. (2012) Hypogonadism in the Aging Male Diagnosis, Potential Benefits, and Risks of Testosterone Replacement Therapy. International Journal of Endocrinology, 2012, Article ID: 625434.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/625434
[30]  Veldhuis, J.D., Liu, P.Y., Keenan, D.M. and Takahashi, P.Y. (2012) Older Men Exhibit Reduced Efficacy of and Heightened Potency Downregulation by Intravenous Pulses of Recombinant Human LH: A Study in 92 Healthy Men. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 302, E117-E122.
https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00450.2011
[31]  Liao, C., Reaven, E. and Azhar, S. (1993) Age-Related Decline in the Steroidogenic Capacity of Isolated Rat Leydig Cells: A Defect in Cholesterol Mobilization and Processing. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46, 39-47.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-0760(93)90207-D
[32]  Morley, J.E., Kaiser, F.E. and Perry, H.M. (1997) Longitudinal Changes in Testosterone, Luteinizing Hormone, and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone in Healthy Older Men. Metabolism-Clinical and Experimental, 46, 410-413.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0026-0495(97)90057-3
[33]  Orwoll, E., Lambert, C.L., Marshall, M.L., et al. (2006) Testosterone and Estradiol among Older Men. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 91, 1336- 1341.
https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2005-1830
[34]  Roelfsema, F., Pijl, H., Keenan, D.M. and Veldhuis, J.D. (2012) Prolactin Secretion in Healthy Adults Is Determined by Gender, Age and Body Mass Index. PLOS ONE, 9, e110203.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0110203
[35]  Stone, B.A., Alex, A., Werlin, L.B. and Marrs, R.P. (2013) Age Thresholds for Changes in Semen Parameters in Men. Fertility and Sterility, 100, 952-958.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.05.046
[36]  Gao, J., Gao, E.S., Yang, Q., et al. (2007) Semen Quality in a Residential, Geographic and Age Representative Sample of Healthy Chinese Men. Human Reproduction, 22, 477-484.
https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/del383
[37]  Zhu, Q.X., Meads, C., Lu, M.L., et al. (2011) Turning Point of Age for Semen Quality: A Population-Based Study in Chinese Men. Fertility and Sterility, 96, 572-576.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.06.058
[38]  Gao, J., Yuan, R., Yang, S., et al. (2021) Age-Related Changes in Human Conventional Semen Parameters and Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay-Defined Sperm DNA/Chromatin Integrity. Reproductive BioMedicine Online, 42, 973-982.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.02.006
[39]  Nijs, M., De Jonge, C., Cox, A., et al. (2011) Correlation between Male Age, WHO Sperm Parameters, DNA Fragmentation, Chromatin Packaging and Outcome in Assisted Reproduction Technology. Andrologia, 43, 174-179.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0272.2010.01040.x
[40]  Silea, C., Cucu, I., Zarnescu, O., et al. (2019) Influence of Age on Sperm Parameters in Men with Suspected Infertility. Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 24, 82-90.
https://doi.org/10.25083/rbl/24.1/82.90
[41]  Collodel, G., Ferretti, F., Masini, M., et al. (2021) Influence of Age on Sperm Characteristics Evaluated by Light and Electron Microscopies. Scientific Reports, 11, Article No. 4989.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84051-w
[42]  Tremellen, K. (2008) Oxidative Stress and Male Infertility—A Clinical Perspective. Human Reproduction Update, 14, 243-258.
https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmn004
[43]  Hanson, B.M., Aston, K.I., Jenkins, T.G., et al. (2018) The Impact of Ejaculatory Abstinence on Semen Analysis Parameters: A Systematic Review. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 35, 213-220.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-017-1086-0
[44]  Agarwal, A. and Said, T. (2003) Role of Sperm Chromatin Abnormalities and DNA Damage in Male Infertility. Human Reproduction Update, 9, 331-345.
https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmg027
[45]  World Health Organization (2010) WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen. 5th Edition, Geneva.
[46]  World Health Organization (2021) WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen. 6th Edition, Geneva.
[47]  Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (2015) Diagnostic Evaluation of the Infertile Male: A Committee Opinion. Fertility and Sterility, 103, E18-E25.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.12.103
[48]  Dupesh, S., Pandiyan, N., Pandiyan, R., et al. (2020) Ejaculatory Abstinence in Semen Analysis: Does It Make Any Sense? Therapeutic Advances in Reproductive Health, 14, 1-11.
https://doi.org/10.1177/2633494120906882
[49]  World Health Organization (1999) WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination of Human Semen and Sperm-Cervical Mucus Interaction. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
[50]  Fernandez, J.L., Muriel, L., Goyanes, V., et al. (2005) Simple Determination of Human Sperm DNA Fragmentation with an Improved Sperm Chromatin Dispersion Test. Fertility and Sterility, 84, 833-842.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.11.089
[51]  Pino, V., Sanz, A., Valdés, N., et al. (2020) The Effects of Aging on Semen Parameters and Sperm DNA Fragmentation. JBRA Assisted Reproduction, 24, 82-86.
https://doi.org/10.5935/1518-0557.20190058
[52]  Comar, V.A., Petersen, C.G., Mauri, A.L., et al. (2017) Influence of the Abstinence Period on Human Sperm Quality: Analysis of 2,458 Semen Samples. JBRA Assisted Reproduction, 21, 306-312.
[53]  Levitas, E., Lunenfeld, E., Weisz, N., et al. (2007) Relationship between Age and Semen Parameters in Men with Normal Sperm Concentration: Analysis of 6022 Semen Samples. Andrologia, 39, 45-50.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0272.2007.00761.x
[54]  Sloter, E., Schmid, T.E., Marchetti, F., et al. (2006) Quantitative Effects of Male Age on Sperm Motion. Human Reproduction, 21, 2868-2875.
https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/del250
[55]  Ramírez, N., Estofán, G. and Tissera, A. (2021) Do Aging, Drinking, and Having Unhealthy Weight Have a Synergistic Impact on Semen Quality? Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 38, 2985-2994.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-021-02274-2
[56]  Das, M., Al-Hathal, N. and San-Gabriel, M. (2013) High Prevalence of Isolated Sperm DNA Damage in Infertile Men with Advanced Paternal Age. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 30, 843-848.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-013-0015-0
[57]  Gu, X.L., Li, H.G. and Xiong, C.L. (2018) [Correlation of Sperm DNA Fragmentation Index with Age and Semen Parameters in Infertile Men]. Chinese Journal of Andrology, 24, 608-612.
[58]  Petersen, C.G., Mauri, A.L., Vagnini, L.D., et al. (2018) The Effects of Male Age on Sperm DNA Fragmentation: An Evaluation of 2,178 Semen Samples. JBRA Assisted Reproduction, 22, 323-330.
[59]  Yang, H., Li, G., Jin, H., et al. (2019) The Effect of Sperm DNA Fragmentation Index on Assisted Reproductive Technology Outcomes and Its Relationship with Semen Parameters and Lifestyle. Translational Andrology and Urology, 8, 356-365.
https://doi.org/10.21037/tau.2019.06.22
[60]  Mettler, A.D., Govindarajan, M., Srinivas, S., et al. (2019) Male Age Is Associated with Sperm DNA/Chromatin Integrity. The Aging Male, 23, 822-829.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13685538.2019.1600496
[61]  Rubes, J., Sipek, J., Kopecka, V., et al. (2012) The Effects of Age on DNA Fragmentation, the Condensation of Chromatin and Conventional Semen Parameters in Healthy Nonsmoking Men Exposed to Traffic Air Pollution. Health Science Reports, 4, e260.
https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.260
[62]  Morris, I.D., Ilott, S., Dixon, L. and Brison, D.R. (2002) The Spectrum of DNA Damage in Human Sperm Assessed by Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (Comet Assay) and Its Relationship to Fertilization and Embryo Development. Human Reproduction, 17, 990-998.
https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/17.4.990
[63]  Evenson, D.P. and Wixon, R. (2008) Data Analysis of Two in Vivo Fertility Studies Using Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay-Derived DNA Fragmentation Index vs. Pregnancy Outcome. Fertility and Sterility, 90, 1229-1231.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.10.066
[64]  Robinson, L., Gallos, I.D., Conner, S.J., et al. (2012) The Effect of Sperm DNA Fragmentation on Miscarriage Rates: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Human Reproduction, 27, 2908-2917.
https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/des261
[65]  Albani, E., Castellano, S., Gurrieri, B., et al. (2019) Male Age: Negative Impact on Sperm DNA Fragmentation. Aging, 11, 2749-2761.
https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.101946
[66]  Leisegang, K., Henkel, R. and Agarwal, A. (2017) Redox Regulation of Fertility in Aging Male and the Role of Antioxidants: A Savior or Stressor. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 23, 4438-4450.
https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666161019150241
[67]  Nago, M., Arichi, A., Omura, N., et al. (2021) Aging Increases Oxidative Stress in Semen. Investigative and Clinical Urology, 62, 233-238.
https://doi.org/10.4111/icu.20200066
[68]  Cocuzza, M., Athayde, K.S., Agarwal, A., et al. (2008) Age-Related Increase of Reactive Oxygen Species in Neat Semen in Healthy Fertile Men. Urology, 71, 490-494.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2007.11.041
[69]  Koh, S.-A., Sanders, K. and Burton, P. (2016) Effect of Male Age on Oxidative Stress Markers in Human Semen. Journal of Reproductive Biotechnology and Fertility, 5, 1-12.
https://doi.org/10.1177/2058915816673242
[70]  Gunes, S., Hekim, G.N., Arslan, M.A. and Asci, R. (2016) Effects of Aging on the Male Reproductive System. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 33, 441-454.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-016-0663-y
[71]  Feldman, H.A., Longcope, C., Derby, C.A., et al. (2002) Age Trends in the Level of Serum Testosterone and Other Hormones in Middle-Aged Men: Longitudinal Results from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 87, 589-598.
https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.87.2.8201
[72]  Yu, X., Zhao, J., Zhang, S., et al. (2017) The Impact of Age, BMI and Sex Hormone on Aging Males’ Symptoms and the International Index of Erectile Function Scores. The Aging Male, 20, 235-240.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13685538.2017.1361399
[73]  Horstman, A.M., Dillon, E.L., Urban, R.J. and Sheffield-Moore, M. (2012) The Role of Androgens and Estrogens on Healthy Aging and Longevity. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, 67, 1140-1152.
https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/gls068
[74]  O’Donnell, L., Robertson, K.M., Jones, M.E. and Simpson, E.R. (2001) Estrogen and Spermatogenesis. Endocrine Reviews, 22, 289-318.
https://doi.org/10.1210/er.22.3.289
[75]  Thapa, S. and Bhusal, K. (2022) Hyperprolactinemia. StatPearls, Treasure Island.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537331/
[76]  Sawin, C.T., Carlson, H.E., Geller, A., et al. (1989) Serum Prolactin and Aging: Basal Values and Changes with Estrogen Use and Hypothyroidism. The Journals of Gerontology, 44, M131-M135.
https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/44.4.M131
[77]  Kipp, D. (2007) Effect of Prolactin on Age-Related Bone Loss. North Carolina State University, Raleigh.
https://portal.nifa.usda.gov/web/crisprojectpages/0192417-effect-of-prolactin-on-age-related-bone-loss.html
[78]  Mayorga-Torres, J.M., Agarwal, A., Roychoudhury, S., et al. (2016) Can a Short Term of Repeated Ejaculations Affect Seminal Parameters? Journal of Reproduction & Infertility, 17, 177-183.
[79]  Gosálvez, J., González-Martínez, M., López-Fernández, C., et al. (2011) Shorter Abstinence Decreases Sperm Deoxyribonucleic Acid Fragmentation in Ejaculate. Fertility and Sterility, 96, 1083-1086.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.08.027
[80]  Pons, I., Cercas, R., Villas, C., et al. (2013) One Abstinence Day Decreases Sperm DNA Fragmentation in 90% of Selected Patients. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 30, 1211-1218.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-013-0089-8

Full-Text

comments powered by Disqus

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133

WeChat 1538708413