Introduction: The birth of a baby is a moment of joy and
celebration. However, the neonatal period is a very delicate phase of life. Neonatal mortality
rates remain high in low-income countries. In Guinea, after 20 years, this rate
has fallen from 34.2% in 1998 to 32% in 2018.Objective: To identify the main risk factors for neonatal
mortality.Methods: This was an observational, analytical case-control
study, lasting 6 months from January 1 to June 30, 2019, conducted at the
Institut de Nutrition et de la Santé de l’Enfant (INSE) at Donka National
Hospital. Results: We collected 242 cases and 242 controls, i.e. a total of 484 records. 748 patients were registered, with 32.35% deaths. 82.86% of deaths occurred in the early
neonatal period. Statistical analysis revealed the main risk factors:
prematurity (RQ 7.39 95% CI 3.27-16.61 p = 0.0000003), hypothermia (RQ 2.29 95% CI 1.51-
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