凤翔地区高标准农田建设普探研究
Preliminary Study on the Construction of High-Standard Farmland in Fengxiang District

目的：为确保我国粮食产量和粮食安全，提升农田等级，提高农民收益，实现藏粮于地、藏粮于技。方法：在推进国家和陕西省下达高标准农田建设项目计划任务的同时，对凤翔区拟建设高标准农田区域的土壤质地、含盐量、酸碱性和养分指标进行测定。结果：研究结果表明，研究区域土壤质地类型多为粉壤；土壤平均水溶性含盐量为0.8371%，低于非盐渍土的标准；土壤pH值范围为8.21~8.29，酸碱性等级为碱性；土壤有机质平均含量为12.18 g/kg，整体比较欠缺；土壤速效氮平均含量为149.45 mg/kg，整体较为丰富；土壤有效磷平均含量为8.94 mg/kg，整体也比较欠缺；土壤速效钾平均含量为124.82 mg/kg，整体较为适中。结论：综上所述，通过适当的改碱、提高有机质和磷素含量后，新建后的高标准农田能满足粮食作物生长对土壤质地、养分的需求，达到西北区高标准农田建设的要求。
Objective: To ensure China’s grain output and food security, upgrade the grade of farmland, increase farmers’ income, and realize the storage of grain in the land and the storage of grain in technology. Methods: While promoting the planning tasks of high-standard farmland construction projects issued by the state and Shaanxi Province, the determination of soil texture, salt content, acidity and alkalinity, and nutrient indicators in the proposed high-standard farmland area were measured in Fengxiang District. Result: The results showed that the soil texture type in the study area is mostly silty soil; the average salt content of soil water solubility is 0.8371%, which is lower than the standard of non-saline soil; the soil pH range is 8.21~8.29, the acidity and alkalinity grade is alkaline; the average content of soil organic matter is 12.18 g/kg, which is relatively lacking overall; the average content of soil available nitrogen is 149.45 mg/kg, which is relatively abundant overall; the average content of soil available phosphorus is 8.94 mg/kg, which is relatively lacking overall; and the average content of soil available potassium is 124.82 mg/kg, which is relatively moderate overall. Conclusion: In summary, after appropriate alkali modification and increasing organic matter and phosphorus content, the newly built high-standard farmland can meet the needs of soil texture and nutrients for grain crop growth, and meet the requirements of high-standard farmland construction in Northwest China.